<p>The Pemadumcook Chain of Lakes are a set of large lakes in north-central Maine in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Thoreaus Pamadumcook or Joseph Chadwicks Bennedumcook is rendered by the United States Geographical Board in an 1897 decision as "Pemadumcook Lake".</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Pemadumcook chain of lakes forms the largest body of water in view as one gazes south from Mount Katahdin. If one takes a landscape picture from that summit, these lakes span the distance from the Piscataquis Mountains in the west to North Twin dam on Elbow Lake in the east. It is the fifth-largest lake system in Maine, exceeded only by Moosehead Lake at 74,890 acre, Sebago Lake at 28,771 acre, Chesuncook Lake at 23,070 acre, and Flagstaff Lake at 20,300 acre. The Pemadumcook Chain of Lakes occupy 18,300 acre. Individually Mooselookmeguntic Lake is larger than Pemadumcook, but it is not larger than the chain.</p><br>
<p>The series of lakes are named Ambajejus, Elbow, North Twin, Pemadumcook and South Twin Lake. The lakes are part of the West Branch of the Penobscot River. The West Branch enters the northwest corner of Ambajejus, and the current flows south through that lake. The channel passes Deep Cove on the east and Porus Islands to the west. The river channel then passes east through the east end of Pemadumcook into the head of North Twin Lake at Indian Point. The channel then follows a southeasterly course across North Twin Lake, staying between Perrow Point and Spring Island, and then veering eastward past Snake Point in sight of the settlement of Norcross. The channel then passes due east through the Elbow to North Twin dam. The length of the channel is about 11.5 mi. The combined length of the lake from the North Twin Dam, following the channel in reverse to the Porus Islands and thence to the northwest corner of Pemadumcook at Nahmakanta Stream, is nearly 14 mi. There is a large boulder in Nahmakanta Stream where the Appalachian Trail appears on the south bank of the stream. It is not prudent to take a motorboat west of the boulder.</p><br>
<p>The meaning of Pemadumcook in Penobscot is "lake with gravelly or sandy bottom or sand bars". The principal islands in the lake include the Porus Islands in Pemadumcook, Jo Mary Island on the south side of that lake and Moose Island and Gull Rock on the north side of the lake. The Porus islands, while principally in Pemadumcook, do divide Pemadumcook to the west and south from Ambajejus to the north. The islands separating North Twin Lake from South Twin Lake are all south of Spring Island. The channel between North and South Twin Lake between the western shore and these islands runs north and south and is called the Narrows. The islands in South Twin include the Rock Pile which marks the southwest corner of the archipelago of islands separating North and South Twin Lakes, Peanut Island, and the reef that runs between it and the Rock Pile to the north. There are a couple of islands in Partridge Cove at the southeast corner of the lake, and Oak Island and several other islands are on the south side of the lake at the mouth of Ragged Brook.</p><br>
<p>The deepest parts of the lake are 103 ft, about 0.5 mi southwest of Moose Island in Pemadumcook, and 92 ft, just north of the ridge in Ambajejus Lake. There are numerous rocks in the lake, and the spring runoff brings lots of logs floating about. If the water is quite high one need not concern oneself about boulders in the middle of the lake. Exceptions include but are not restricted to a large reef at the west end of South Twin Lake that runs north and south and a large rock pile 1 mi north-northwest of Partridge Cove which is usually marked. There are a couple of reefs in North Twin and a long reef about 600 ft north of Indian Point Island. The Porus Islands and Deep Cove have plenty of boulders. There is a surprising rock pile about 0.5 mi east of Jo Mary island.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The inlets to the lake are at Ragged Brook and Lincoln Brook on South Twin, the West Branch of the Penobscot at Ambajejus, Jo Mary Stream on the south side of Pemadumcook, and Nahmakanta Stream at the northwest corner of Pemadumcook. Twitchell Brook enters the lake near a point where the Appalachian Trail provides a view of the lake, but there is no inlet.</p><br>
<p>Road access to the lake is provided by Maine State Route 11 on the east side. This runs past Partridge Cove at the southeast corner of South Twin Lake and then serves the area up to Norcross. Millinocket is about 5 mi east of Norcross on Maine Route 11. The paved portion of the Millinocket–Baxter State Park road gives access to Spencer Cove at the northeast end of Ambajejus Lake about 8 mi from Millinocket. A dike at Spencer Cove created by the Great Northern Paper Company prevents water from flowing from Ambajejus Lake, spillway elevation 492 ft, into adjacent Millinocket Lake, elevation 478 ft.</p><br>
<p>To the north of the chain of lakes, but not contiguous with it, is Baxter State Park 209,000 acre, and to the west are the 43,000 acre Nahmakanta Public lands. There is a state-sponsored boat access ramp in Partridge Cove off Route 11 at 45.59920&deg;N latitude, 68.82070&deg;W longitude. Water clarity as indicated by the Secchi Disk: Range of 2007 Average Secchi Disk Transparency is 4.8 meters. The above indicates how far down one can see.</p><br>
<h2>Fish</h2><br>
<p>Fish include Brook Trout, Togue Lake Trout, the occasional Rainbow Trout, Atlantic Salmon (landlocked type), Whitefish, Chain Pickerel, American Eel, white perch, yellow perch, chubs, minnows, sunfishes, hornpout (Brown bullhead), large mouth bass () and small mouth bass ().</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An early document about this lake is the Large Crown Map from the 1764 Chadwick Survey by Joseph Chadwick, a surveyor for the British. Chadwick undertook a survey of the Penobscot River. The chain of lakes appears under the name "Bennedumcook" as a large lake in the Penobscot River above Quakish Lake.</p><br>
<p>Charles Turner, Jr., on the view from Katahdin in 1804 describes it by writing, "and south of it (Chesuncook); a large 1ake N. of. The E. end of the Piscataquis Mountains."</p><br>
<p>Henry David Thoreau crossed the lake in September 1846, writing, "After poling up half a mile of river, or thoroughfare we rowed a mile across the foot of Pamadumcook Lake, which is the name given on the map to this whole chain of lakes, as if there was but one, though they are, in each instance distinctly separated by a reach of the river, with its narrow and rocky channel and its rapids. This lake which is one of the largest, stretched northwest ten miles, to hills and mountains in the distance."</p><br>
<p>Theodore Winthrop, in Life in the Open Air (1856?) wrote: "At noon we floated out upon Lake Pemadumcook, the largest bulge of the Penobscot, and irregular as the verb To Be. Lumbermen name it Bammydumcook: Iglesias insisted upon this as the proper reading; and as he was the responsible man of the party, I accepted it. Woods, woody hills, and woody mountains surround Bammydumcook. I have no doubt parts of it are pretty, and will be famous in good time; but we saw little. By the time we were fairly out in the lake and away from the sheltering shore, a black squall to windward, hiding all the West, warned us to fly, for birches swamp in squalls. We deemed that Birch, having brought us through handsomely, deserved a better fate: swamped it must not be. We plied paddle valiantly, and were almost safe behind an arm of the shore when the storm overtook us, and in a moment more, safe, with a canoe only half- full of Bammydumcook water. It is easy to speak in scoffing tone; but when that great roaring blackness sprang upon us, and the waves, showing their white teeth, snarled around, we were far from being in the mood to scoff. It is impossible to say too much of the charm of this gentle scenery, mingled with the charm of this adventurous sailing."</p><br>
<p>Charles E. Hamlin wrote in 1881 in Appalachia, the journal of the Appalachian Mountain Club: "After a short run through rapid water in the river, the way lies through Quakish Lake, two miles; thence one mile through furious rapids, that require all the strength and skill of practised boatmen to ascend them by poling, to North Twin Dam; thence a mile more of river, or — as a reach of running stream connecting two lakes is here termed — of "thoroughfare," leads into North Twin Lake, four miles long, from which another of a few rods only opens into Pemadumcook Lake, largest of the chain and ten miles in length. About three miles of boating in this lake reaches a part of it called Deep Cove, two miles long and terminating in a passage into Ambejijis Lake, which is two miles long. It may be approached also by running on Pemadumcook about four miles, nearly to Gull Rock, opposite the outlet of Lower Joe Merry Lake; and thence by a channel, sometimes troublesomely shallow, two miles to the entrance into Ambejijis. Here on a point stands a log camp, dignified with the name of the Ambejijis House or Boom House, from the boom that stretches across the passage. This and a similar one at North Twin Dam, are the only roofs between the Head of Chesuncook and Old Fowlers,&#39; a distance of more than sixty miles."</p><br>
<p>Leavitt Peak is located in the Emigrant Wilderness near Sonora Pass in the eastern Sierra Nevada range of California. Leavitt Peak is located on the Tuolumne County - Mono County line. The Pacific Crest Trail runs close to the east of Leavitt Peak, at an elevation of about 10,800 ft elevation. The peak offers views south to Yosemite National Park and north towards South Lake Tahoe.</p><br>
<p>Leavitt Peak is named for Hiram Leavitt, a native of New Hampshire, who built a hotel and home in 1863 at the foot of the east end of Sonora Pass</p><br>
<p>to serve the growing number of travelers between Sonora and Aurora, primarily miners headed to the gold mines at nearby Bodie. Leavitt also erected a stagecoach station at what is called Leavitt Station. Leavitt was an early judge in Mono County. Leavitt Peak is a popular hiking destination. Leavitt Lake and Leavitt Meadow are nearby along the West Walker River and are also named for the early Leavitt family settlers. Leavitts is recorded on Charles F. Hoffmanns map of 1873. and Levitt Peak appears on the Mining Bureau map of 1891.</p><br>
<p>Mynydd Bach  is located in the midlands of Ceredigion. It is a range of low hills, rather than a single mountain as its name suggests. The highest point reaches 329 meters above sea level. This area contains a few small villages and is an important place in Ceredigion’s cultural history.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mynydd Bach lies between Cors Caron (also known as the Tregaron Bog) to the east and the Cardigan Bay coastline to the west. Llyn Eiddwen is located on its western slope and is preserved as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSI). The mountain is crossed by a country lane that passes near Llyn Eiddwen, through Bontnewydd and connects Trefenter and Blaenpennal.</p><br>
<p>Villages on Mynydd Bach include:</p><br>
<p>Bethania</p><br>
<p>Blaenpennal</p><br>
<p>Bontnewydd</p><br>
<p>Bronant</p><br>
<p>Llangwyryfon</p><br>
<p>Lledrod</p><br>
<p>Penuwch</p><br>
<p>Trefenter</p><br>
<h2>History and Culture</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is connected to four notable poets from local villages who competed at the National Eisteddfod. They include: T. Hughes Jones (1895-1966), B. T. Hopkins (1897-1981), J. M. Edwards (1903-1978) and Edward Prosser Rhys (1901-1945). A stone memorial to these four sits just south of Trefenter near Llyn Eiddwen.</p><br>
<p>The Antonio López was a historic vessel of the Spanish merchant marine. When built in 1881–82, she was the first Spanish-built steel merchant vessel with a complete electrical lighting system. She was also one of the most important Spanish blockade-runners during the American blockade of  Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War, its crew delivering a supply of military materials critical to the island&#39;s defense after the ship was grounded in June 1898 under fire from the Americans. The shipwreck is the only known Spanish wreck in American waters from the conflict. Its wreck site, in 1,700 ft of water off Dorado, Puerto Rico, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Antonio López was a transoceanic steamer belonging to the Compañía Transatlántica Española named after its founder Antonio López y López. The ship was bound for San Juan from Cádiz, Spain during the days of the 1898 Spanish–American War.</p><br>
<p>On June 28, 1898, two American cruisers fought with a squadron of Spanish warships. This squadron consisted of one cruiser, two gunboats and the Antonio López, which had a cargo of military supplies. She was pursued by USS Yosemite and ran aground at Ensenada Honda with its cargo.</p><br>
<p>Claudio López Bru (1853–1925), Antonio López y López son, then owner and president of the company, sent a telegram to the ships captain saying:</p><br>
<p>Es preciso que haga usted llegar el cargamento a Puerto Rico aunque se pierda el barco. (You must get your cargo to Puerto Rico, even if the ship were lost)</p><br>
<p>Capt. Ramón Acha Caamaño was placed in charge of retrieving the ships cargo. The men under his command quickly removed as much of the stranded ships cargo as possible. The desperate efforts proved fruitful, and nearly the entire cargo was salvaged from the hulk. Only some minor articles and one cannon that had fallen overboard during salvage attempts were lost.</p><br>
<p>Gaasperplas is an artificial lake used for recreational purposes south-east of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.</p><br>
<p>Gaasperplas was created with the extraction of sand for the construction of the Bijlmer. At its deepest the lake is 35 metres deep. It was the setting for the 1982 Floriade landscape and flower show, and the Eastern end of the lake is surrounded by parks and woodlands that once formed part of the event.</p><br>
<p>The lake hosts a Sailing club, Canoe, Windsurfing and Dragon Boat facilities, is popular with anglers, and has a sheltered public beach on the south shore. The section for naturism (officially since 2005) lies on the northern side. One of Amsterdam&#39;s principal campsites is located in the area.</p><br>
<p>It is not connected to the navigable canals system, and has a prohibition against the use of motorised boats; these two factors contribute towards a good water quality and abundance of wildlife. A public slipway is available for non-motorised pleasure and fishing craft.</p><br>
<p>One of Amsterdam&#39;s metro lines terminates at the station of the same name located near the north shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The S.A. Hall House is an historic house located at 147 North Main Street in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. It is a story wood frame structure, with a cross-gable roof, clapboard and wood shingle siding, and a granite foundation. A three-story square tower stands in a crook at the front of the house, topper by a pyramidal roof with a flared edge and bracketed eave. It has decorative cut shingle work in the gables and in bands between the levels. Its front porch, set in front of the tower, has a decorative bracketed frieze and turned posts. Built c. 1890, it is one of Uxbridge&#39;s finest Queen Anne houses. Its first documented owner  was S. Alonzo Hall, publisher of the Uxbridge Compendium.</p><br>
<p>On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Słupca Lake  is an artificial reservoir located in Wielkopolska Province in central–western Poland. It was created in 1955 as a recreational centre on former turbary land. It has a surface of 258 hectares, with 0.9 km breadth and length of 3.6 km.</p><br>
<p>The lake, fed by the Meszna River, is situated at the edge of Słupca town, and has long been the site of urban development. From the south, the lake borders on Słupca Town Park, with the amphitheater, shooting range and two stadiums. In recent time, thanks to significant improvement of the community&#39;s economy driven mainly by the proximity of the city of Poznań, the lake is getting surrounded by cotages and dwellings of the new upper-middle class.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism activities</h2><br>
<p>In the past, the Lake was a site of motor-boat races, and a popular active-tourism destination. Among sports practiced there one could find canoeing, surfing, swimming, and sailing among others. Underwater sports such as scuba diving or snorkeling were never well established because of both the lake&#39;s depth barely amounting to 2.5 metres, and its muddy waters. It used to be said that the waters of Słupca Lake had curative effect. For this reason, every summer a fair number of tourists from all over Poland used to come to town to take advantage of its reputation.</p><br>
<p>Recently however, the lakes popularity declined after its waters had been declared inappropriate for swimming. Despite a number of authorities-led actions to promote the lake, both business and tourists lost interest in the lakes development. Currently, it is a popular angling site thanks to a considerable population of fresh water fish such as carps, eels, perchs and roach fish. Jogging, walks and cycling are among most popular activities along the shoreline for the locals. Located there, is a popular disco hall Matrix opened almost every day, and catering to most everybody&#39;s taste, with refreshments, international food, drinks and of course good music.</p><br>
<p>The Taft Brothers Block is an historic commercial building at 2-8 South Main Street, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Prominently located in the town center at the corner of Mendon and Main Streets, it is a three-story brick structure, with modest Late Victorian stylistic embellishments. Its first floor has commercial retail storefronts, while the upper-floor windows are set in openings with granite sills and lintels. Brick corbelling marks the cornice below the flat roof. The upper floor is taller than the other floors, and houses a large auditorium space. It was built in 1896 for Robert and Jacob Taft, operators of a grocery, after the previous building on the site was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Merchants National Bank is a bank building in Winona, Minnesota, United States, designed in the Prairie School architectural style. It was built in 1912 and features elaborate terracotta and stained-glass ornamentation. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for having state-level significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for being the "largest and probably best example" of the 18 Midwestern banks designed by Purcell, Feick & Elmslie, a significant influence on early-20th-century American architecture. It is also a contributing property to the Winona Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Architects William Gray Purcell, George Feick, Jr., and George Grant Elmslie intended the building to appear solid and stable, to impress both bankers and customers. The design elements reflected the agricultural importance of the community, with terracotta sculptures of grain on the exterior and murals of farm scenes—painted by their friend Albert Fleury—inside. A terracotta eagle perches above the entrance. The interior receives sunlight through stained glass window walls and a skylight, and is also lit with vertical light standards topped by round globes. Purcell used some of these design features in the Edna S. Purcell House, built a year later.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Until the early 20th century Americas civic institutions looked to European antecedents for architectural models. As a result, neoclassical columns and pediments not only predominated but also served as billboards proclaiming the security and gravitas of these establishments. The Merchants National Bank departed from this tradition by taking its inspiration from native sources—the uniquely American architecture of Louis Sullivan and the Prairie School tenets of Frank Lloyd Wright. Sullivans 1908 National Farmer&#39;s Bank of Owatonna first demonstrated how successful the marriage of American style and banking needs could be.</p><br>
<p>The Winona bank was unusual for its time and place. In the prosperous river town where Victorian commercial blocks prevailed, the banks cube-like geometry was arrestingly different. Botanically inspired (and decidedly nonclassical) terracotta ornamentation crept across its façades. Stained glass, generally reserved for religious structures, was used liberally in expansive windows and a sky lit ceiling, transforming daylight into a multi-hued glow. Yet the building was also firmly rooted in the Minnesota landscape. Earthy brick and terracotta referenced the towns history of brick manufacturing. Large wall murals, depicting river scenes and the Wisconsin bluffs, spoke of the natural beauty that first lured settlers to the area. In its singularity and sense of place, the remarkable American-bred structure evoked a sense of pride among Winonans and Minnesotans alike.</p><br>
<p>The Uxbridge Passenger Depot is an historic former railroad station located at 28 South Main Street, in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. Built in 1895, it is a well preserved example of Queen Anne architecture. On October 7, 1983, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It served as a significant transportation hub and the town&#39;s main passenger station for more than 50 years.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Uxbridge Passenger Depot is located on the east side of South Main Street in the town center, between the road and the tracks of the Providence and Worcester Railroad. It is a 1-1/2 story brick building with Queen Anne Victorian styling, set on a high granite foundation. It is a long and roughly rectangular structure, with a tall central portion flanked by lower wings. The central section has a large central dormer with a curvilinear gable that has copper trim elements. A shed-roof porch extends across the central section on the street-facing side, while the platform on the track side is sheltered by a recessed porch supported by posts with large brackets.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first passenger and freight depot was built in Uxbridge on this site in 1849. In 1893 the town petitioned for a new station, resulting in the construction of this building, which opened in 1894 and was completed in 1895. It was used for passenger service, when declining usage resulted in its closured in the mid-20th century. It served a short time as a bus depot after rail passenger service ceased, and later also served as a bank branch.</p><br>
<p>Comfort Station No. 72  is a historic visitor services building in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon, United States. It was built in 1930 to provide a public toilet and shower facilities for park visitors. It was constructed in the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Comfort Station #4 (building 72) is located in Rim Village in Crater Lake National Park. It was built to provide public showers and restrooms for park visitors. It is located on the southwest side of the Rim Village behind the main cafeteria and gift shop.</p><br>
<p>The building is a one-story, wood-frame structure with native stones applied to the exterior to match the exterior of the nearby Rim Village cafeteria. Originally, an oil-burning water heater was used to heat shower water for park visitors. Today, the building remains an important part of the Rim Village landscape, despite minor alterations made to the structure when it was converted from a comfort station to an electrical transformer vault. Because it is now a utility building, it is no longer open to the public. Nevertheless, the structure retains its rustic appearance and contributes to the character of the Rim Village area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On 22 May 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the bill making Crater Lake the Nation&#39;s sixth national park. The United States Department of the Interior was charged with developing visitor services in the park. The National Park Service approved a master plan for development of Rim Village in 1927. Implementation of the plan was overseen by the National Park Service’s Landscape Engineering Division.</p><br>
<p>Today, the six main buildings in Rim Village and a number of minor structures like Comfort Station #4 still reflect the rustic design features of the original National Park Service master plan. As a result, Rim Village was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 (NRHP #97001155).</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Rim Village is located high in the Cascade Mountains, 7,100 ft above sea level. In the Rim Village area, winter lasts eight months. While access to the Rim Village is normally year-round, most of the facilities are only open during the summer months due to the heavy winter snowfall that averages 533 inches (1,354 cm) per year.</p><br>
<p>McConnell Springs is a twenty-six acre natural areas park located at the historic springs where the city of Lexington, Kentucky was named.</p><br>
<p>McConnell Springs is historically and environmentally significant to this area. The central historic event which marks McConnell Springs place in history is the naming of Lexington. William McConnell and his party of kinsmen and companion surveyors, explorers and would-be settlers established a small camp in this area in June 1775. The group named their camp "Lexington" in honor of one of the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in Lexington, Massachusetts. Four years later this name was adopted when founding their town. In the ensuing years the McConnell property changed hands several times with remnants of past use still visible throughout the park - including stone fences, a barn foundation, a small rock quarry, remains of an old dam and the foundation of an old creamery.</p><br>
<p>The most significant environmental feature is a complex system of sinking springs. McConnell Springs is the only known site in Fayette County that has a series of artesian springs that come to the surface, go underground, reappear, flow on the surface and go back underground only to surface again a couple miles away.</p><br>
<p>McConnell Springs has two miles of trails, with a half-mile paved loop which makes the park accessible to most visitors, as well as an education center.</p><br>
<p>Acadia National Park, located on Mount Desert Island off the coast of the USA state of Maine, was created in part by land and other donations by John D. Rockefeller Jr. Between 1919 and 1931, Rockefeller, who was opposed to the introduction of automobiles on the island, personally oversaw the construction of a network of carriage roads, closed to motorized vehicles, on the eastern half of the island, including sixteen granite bridges and two gatehouses. The major portion of this network now falls within the bounds of the national park, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The network of carriage roads is open to the public for non-motorized uses in the summer, including walking and bicycling. In the winter, most of the network is open to cross-country skiing, and a portion of it is open to snowmobiling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in about 1890, Mount Desert Island became a summer resort haven for a number of wealthy families, including the Rockefellers, Carnegies, and Vanderbilts. Despite their efforts to keep the island free of motor vehicles, their presence was authorized across the whole island by 1915. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who had a large summer house on the southeastern part of the island, in response embarked on a major to build a network of carriage roads on its eastern half, which would be isolated from the roads open to motor vehicles, and which would provide access to the scenic views of the area. He personally selected the skilled craftsmen who built the roads, bridges, and gatehouses, and directly supervised a significant portion of the work, which took place between 1919 and 1931. The overall design was approved by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. The entire project resulted in the construction of more than 50 mi of roads, sixteen bridges, and two Tudor Revival gatehouses, located at the points where the system intersected the public roads. The present bounds of Acadia National Park include 47 mi of these roads, thirteen of the its bridges, and both gatehouses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Carriage paths and bridges</h3><br>
<p>The carriage paths consist of a network of wide paths, laid out to take advantage of the areas natural terrain, and to provide access to fine views of the areas lakes, mountains, and bays. Foot paths extend from the carriage paths into the woods. The carriage paths are about 16 ft wide, and are generally surfaced by the National Park Service with fine gravel, with a slight rise at the center to allow for proper drainage.</p><br>
<p>The bridges in the network are all built out of hand-hewn locally quarried granite. They were specifically designed to blend into the landscape in an organic manner, and are sited so that they may be used as viewing platforms for the scenery, and so that they may themselves be viewed. They often include viewing platforms for one or both purposes. The only bridge that has been altered in any significant way is the Eagle Lake Bridge, which carries Maine State Route 233 over a carriage path, and was the subject of an award-winning widening project in 1974.</p><br>
<h3>Gatehouses</h3><br>
<p>The Brown Mountain Gatehouse, also known locally as "The Lodge", is located near the southwestern corner of the park on Maine State Routes 3 and 198. It is a small complex consisting of the gatehouse, a caretaker&#39;s house, and carriage house, and was designed in the Tudor Revival style by Grosvenor Atterbury. It is built of rubble-stone masonry, with occasional bands of precisely-laid dressed stone and brick. The buildings are roofed in polychrome terra cotta tile. The gates are made of cypress wood, and are set in a segmented-arch opening. This lodge, like the one at Jordan Pond, are now used for park service staff housing. On the inside of the gate, away from the main road, there is an expansive area of landscaped lawn.</p><br>
<p>The Jordan Pond Gatehouse is located at the southern end of Jordan Pond, where the carriage path network intersects the main park loop road. Like the Brown Mountain Gatehouse, it was also designed by Atterbury and contains similar elements and styling. It is laid out in a more linear fashion, with its elements joined by a masonry fence. The towers that flank the gates are topped by bellcast roofs with terra cotta tile.</p><br>
<p>The Lichtenstein Cave is an 1972 discovered archaeological cave site near Dorste, Lower Saxony, Germany with a length of 115 m. The skeletal remains of 21 female humans and 19 males, dated to the Bronze Age, about 3,000 years ago were discovered. In addition, around 100 bronze objects  and ceramic parts from the Urnfield Culture were found.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient DNA Tests</h2><br>
<p>Both mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA tests were conducted on the skeletons and published by the University of Göttingen. Mitochondrial haplogroups found included 17 from H, 5 from T2, 9 from U5b and 5 from J*. Out of the 19 males represented in the cave, 15 yielded the full 12 tested STR values, with twelve showing haplotypes related to I2b2 (at least four lineages), two to R1a (probably one lineage), and one to R1b predicted haplogroups. Y-STR results are given in the table below:</p><br>
<h5>allele unsure or assignment of an individual, nd</h5><br>
<p>The Lowertown Historic District is a historic district in the Lowertown neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. This 16-block warehouse and wholesaling district comprises 37 contributing properties built 1870s–1920. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for the significance of its river and rail connections, economic impact, architecture, and urban planning. Lowertown was originally the lower landing on the Mississippi River; the first port of access to the Twin Cities. Several warehouse, railroad, banking, and distribution buildings served the entire Upper Midwest from 1880 to 1920. A significant concentration of these buildings survive, unified by similar architectural styles and construction materials. Many were designed by the city&#39;s most prestigious architects, including Cass Gilbert and Clarence Johnston, Sr.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Lowertown neighborhood declined after the Depression. The renovation of the Merchant’s National Bank Building (now McColl Building) in the late 1960s was the first project to focus attention on revitalization potential. The conversion of the Noyes Brothers and Cutler Building into a complex of offices, shops, and restaurants (now known as Park Square Court) soon followed. The City’s Housing and Redevelopment Authority (HRA) became involved in 1973 when Mears Park was redesigned by William Sanders and renamed after Norman B. Mears, a Saint Paul businessman.</p><br>
<p>In April, 1978 the Lowertown Redevelopment Corporation (LRC) was organized with the goal of creating “a place for people, a highly livable urban village in the midst of the city, which will bring new jobs, housing, commercial development, and year round activities to Lowertown and infuse the city with renewed vitality.” Enabled by an unprecedented $10 million grant by the McKnight Foundation, the LRC assumed the role and responsibility of driving the revitalization of Lowertown. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, artists moved to Lowertown, attracted by low rents, raw space and relative quiet. This new population began to bring life to the buildings and the streets of Lowertown. Initiated by the LRC and supported fully by the City of St. Paul, Lowertown was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983; the next year, the City of St. Paul designated the Lowertown Historic District as a Heritage Preservation Site.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>Aided by these designations and the associated tax credits, Artspace, the LRC, the City and others partnered to renovate three buildings dedicated to the arts. The Lowertown Artists Lofts Cooperative, the Tilsner and the Northern Warehouse were renovated and became the anchors for the arts community. Throughout the years, there has been a steady commitment to incrementally reinvest in the assets of Lowertown. Instead of demolishing and building new, Lowertown remained committed to a slow, deliberate and steady approach to redevelopment. This approach allowed Lowertown to remain a relatively quiet neighborhood on the edge of downtown. Such an approach was particularly supportive of the artist community, as it respected the financial and environmental needs of working artists. In 1982, the St. Paul Farmers’ Market moved to Lowertown. An institution since the late 1800s, the Farmers’ Market was an anomaly of sorts for Lowertown - it was a destination in the middle of a relatively quiet neighborhood. The market now draws 20,000 people each weekend in the summer. In 2006 the LRC transformed into the Lowertown Future Fund to continue supporting Lowertown redevelopment.</p><br>
<p>New residences have been built in the neighborhood, attracting new residents paying market rate for condominiums. Restaurants, festivals, weddings and other regional attractions, such as the restored Union Depot, have opened in Lowertown. (Greater Lowertown Master Plan, 2011) The is held twice a year (Spring and Fall) and exemplifies the cultural atmosphere that local residents have worked so hard to maintain. In late 2013, USA Today named Lowertown 1 of "10 up-and-coming neighborhoods around the USA" after it was announced RealtyTrac named Lowertown at the top of its "hipster zip codes" list. The "hipster" designation implies the neighborhood&#39;s high proportion of "people between 25 and 34 years old who use public transportation and rent their housing."</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the St. Paul Saints professional baseball team opened its season in the new CHS Field. The stadium stands in the space of the former Gilette/Diamond Products plant at 5th Street and Broadway. Designs for the stadium were presented to the public in December 2013. Art installations from local artists adorn the exterior of the ballpark. Despite its name, the CHS Field sits outside the official 18 blocks that make up the Lowertown Heritage Preservation District, roughly bound by Kellogg Boulevard, Broadway, 7th Street and Jackson Street.</p><br>
<h2>Mears Park</h2><br>
<p>Previously known as Smith Park, Park Square, and Baptist Hill, Mears Park is bounded by 5th, 6th, Sibley and Wacouta streets. The site was originally the home of the First Baptist congregation, who built their church on top of a hill in the middle of a city block. In 1849 the land was donated to the city by a man named Robert Smith after the church expanded to a new location a few blocks north. The hill was leveled and the square was formally created in 1888.</p><br>
<p>For most of the next century, the park was a traditional city square with a central fountain and sidewalks radiating about it. In the early 1970s, the park became known as the “Brickyard” after a renovation covered much of the square in bricks. After his death in 1974, the park was officially renamed after Norman Mears, a St. Paul inventor in the printing and etching field; his inventions were used to fight World War II and make color televisions. After retirement, Mears had set his sights on the revitalization of Lowertown.</p><br>
<p>Modern-day Mears Park was opened in 1992 following a major reconstruction designed by landscape architect Don Ganje and artist Brad Goldberg. The new design received rave reviews for brilliantly mixing natural and manmade elements, from the rocky stream to the metal bandshell, and has proven popular year after year. Today the park sits in the middle of a re-energized Lowertown, hosting handfuls of fairs and festivals throughout the season including the Twin Cities Jazz Festival and Concrete and Grass Music Festival. Volunteers known as the Friends of Mears Park maintain the gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Crane Ordway Building</h2><br>
<p>Crane and Ordway manufactured valves, fittings, and supplies for steam engines. Rogers and Ordway was the successor company to Wilson & Rogers, the oldest firm in the line of plumbing and steam fittings in the Northwest. At one time, The Crane Company was the largest manufacturer of valves, fittings, and steam supplies in the world, employing over 3,000 men at the factory in Chicago factory. In 1892 Crane bought out the Rugg-Fuller Company in Minneapolis.</p><br>
<p>On January 1, 1893 Richard Teller Crane of Chicago, Illinois and Lucius Pond Ordway of St. Paul, Minnesota incorporated the Crane & Ordway Company. It consolidated the firms of Rogers and Ordway of St. Paul and Duluth with a branch of the Crane Co. in Minneapolis, uniting all the large interests in this line of business in the Northwest. Lucius Ordway, became vice president and general manager of Crane & Ordway. Ordway came to St. Paul from Providence, E. I., in 1883 and worked for Wilson & Kogers until 1886, when he became a member of the firm of Rogers & Ordway,</p><br>
<p>The company dealt in a general line of pipe, fittings, boilers, pumps, pumping machinery, and plumbers and steam-fitters supplies. It did an extensive business in well-drilling machinery, windmills, and large irrigating plant outfits of all descriptions, furnishing estimates and designs and complete plans for water works. Crane later became part of American Standard. Mr. Ordway went on to help build the 3M company.</p><br>
<p>The building, completed in 1904, was designed by Reed and Stem, the architectural firm that designed Grand Central Terminal in New York and the St. Paul Hotel in downtown St. Paul. It had been vacant for 30 years prior to Aeon, a non-profit developer of affordable housing, restoring it in 2006. The historic warehouse now offers 70 units of affordable rental apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood architects</h2><br>
<p>Architects who contributed to the neighborhood include Cass Gilbert, J. Walter Stevens, and Charles Sumner Frost.</p><br>
<p>The Minnesota Judicial Center, adjacent to the State Capitol, houses the states Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, as well as the Workers Compensation Court of Appeals and the state law library. Its address is 25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd., Saint Paul, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Minnesota Historical Society Building, as it was built for that institution. In 1992, the Minnesota Historical Society moved to a new building nearby, the Minnesota History Center.</p><br>
<p>The neoclassical front of the building has eight two-story Ionic columns of granite. Above them are Roman numerals representing the establishment of the Minnesota Historical Society in 1849 and the year the building was completed, 1917. It was dedicated on May 11, 1918, the sixtieth anniversary of statehood.</p><br>
<p>The Farmers and Manufacturers Bank building is located at the corner of Market and Cannon Streets in downtown Poughkeepsie, New York, United States, near the Bardavon and across from the Dutchess County Court House and Old Poughkeepsie YMCA. It is one of only two non-residential Greek Revival buildings remaining in the city.</p><br>
<p>The three-bay, -story brick building was opened to the public in 1835, the year after it was built. Signatures of the then-popular Greek Revival style include the wide frieze and pilasters on the first story, eyebrow windows, balustrade and cupola. The brick is complemented by stone trim, particularly around the windows. First-floor ornamentation includes a stone entablature with dentil molding and four laurel wreaths.</p><br>
<p>It would be a landmark of the city&#39;s downtown for much of the 19th century. The bank itself would later become Empire National Bank and relocate elsewhere. One of its original trustees and later president was Matthew Vassar, founder of the eponymous college.</p><br>
<p>Originally it had a front porch, which was removed in 1892. That has been the only significant alteration to the building&#39;s exterior. On the inside, the windows were elongated and lengthened. In 1953 the interior was thoroughly modernized.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, one of three bank buildings on or near Market Street to be added. It is currently home to Friendly Insurance insurance agency DBA Bob Jankovics Insurance. The old city hall, around the corner on Main Street, is the only other non-residential Greek Revival building in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Hyblaean Mountains  is a mountain range in south-eastern Sicily, Italy. It straddles the provinces of Ragusa, Syracuse and Catania. The highest peak of the range is Monte Lauro, at 986 m.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name derives from the Siculi king Hyblon, who gave a portion of his territory to Greek colonists to build the town of Megara Hyblaea.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The range is composed of white limestone rocks, characterized by Karst topography. Originally a plateau, rivers have eroded the landscape, forming numerous deep canyons. In the coastal area sandstone is also present. In some areas, such as that of Monte Lauro (once part of a submerged volcanic complex), volcanic rocks are also present.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape</h2><br>
<p>The Hyblaean Mountains are characterized by gentle slopes, interrupted by sharp valleys. In the central area are numerous woods which are intermingled with dry stone walls of typical of south-eastern Sicily. The more populated coastal area is characterised by terraced hills with Mediterranean vegetation, rising up to a plateau cultivated by olive trees, vines, citrus fruit and almonds. Other crops include grain and maize.</p><br>
<h2>Main sights</h2><br>
<p>Main attractions of the area include the Baroque towns of Ragusa, Modica and Palazzolo Acreide, the Necropolis of Pantalica and Cava Ispica.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The main peaks of the Monti Iblei are:</p><br>
<p>Monte Lauro 986m</p><br>
<p>Monte Casale 910m</p><br>
<p>Monte Arcibessi 907m</p><br>
<p>Serra Brugio 870m</p><br>
<p>Monte Raci 610m</p><br>
<p>Monte Racello 530m</p><br>
<p>Monti Climiti 410m</p><br>
<h2>Rivers</h2><br>
<p>The range is drained by several rivers, which flow into either the Mediterranean sea or the Ionian sea.</p><br>
<p>The Beshtak Palace or Qasr Bashtak  is a historic palace and museum in Cairo, Egypt, built by the Mamluk amir Bashtak in the 14th century. It is located on Shariah al-Muizz , in the area known as Bayn al-Qasrayn .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1262, Sultan al-Zahir Baybars transferred parts of the Fatimid palaces of Cairo to the property of the state treasury, allowing thenceforth for the sale and redevelopment of property in this central area of the city.</p><br>
<p>The remains of the palace were restored in 1983 by the German Archaeological Institute and constitute a rare surviving example of 14th century domestic architecture in Cairo.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Only part of the palace remains today, however the edifice was originally five stories tall, and featured running water on all floors. Outside, at street level, the building had openings for shops whose revenues would have contributed to the amirs income, possibly following a model from Roman times. The most impressive surviving part of the palace is the large qaa or reception hall. The hall features a coffered wooden ceiling, stucco windows of coloured glass, and a fountain of inlaid marble in the centre, which were decorative elements typical of the time and found in other buildings like the Mausoleum of sultan Qalawun. The north and south sides of the hall also feature mashrabiyya (i.e. latticed wood screen) windows on the upper floors, allowing for women or other members of the household to privately watch events or festivities happening in the hall below.</p><br>
<p>Thaba Bosiu is a sandstone plateau with an area of approximately 2 km and a height of 1,804 meters above sea level. It is located between the Orange and Caledon Rivers in the Maseru District of Lesotho, 24 km east of the countrys capital Maseru. It was once the capital of Lesotho, having been King Moshoeshoes stronghold.</p><br>
<h2>Ascending Thaba Bosiu</h2><br>
<p>Thaba Bosiu was used as a hideout by Moshoeshoe I and his subjects after they migrated from Butha-Buthe in 1824 escaping the ravages of the Difaqane/Mfecane Wars. The plateau formed a natural fortress which protected the Basotho in times of war. Moshoeshoe I and his people took occupation of this mountain in July 1824. He named it Thaba Bosiu (loosely translated – Mountain at Night) because he and his people arrived at night. To intimidate his enemies, he spread news that the mountain grew larger than usual at night. Moshoeshoe I was able to offer cattle and protection to those fleeing the ravages of Mfecane/Difaqane Wars. When Moshoeshoe settled in Thaba Bosiu, he sent for many people to be wound up by his regiments. They were given food and shelter. The plateau&#39;s large area meant it could hold enough livestock and provisions to support the people during a lengthy siege.</p><br>
<p>Once satisfied that they were safe, he sent them out, but a lot remained under his rule. This gave birth to the Basotho nation. Thaba Bosiu served as a capital for his new Basotho nation. It also became the centre of organised resistance to European encroachment into the central plateau region of South Africa.</p><br>
<h2>Physical description</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has eight springs and six passes, the main one being Khubelu pass. The other passes are known as Ramaseli, Maebeng, Mokachane, Makara and Rahebe. It is flat topped and is situated in the valley of the Phuthiatsana River. It is approximately 24 km east of the junction of the Caledon River that divides Lesotho from Free State. It rises about 106m from the surrounding valley and its summit is surrounded by a belt of perpendicular cliffs some 12m on the average. Nearby, there are San paintings.</p><br>
<p>In 1837, Private David Webber from the 72nd Seaforth Highlanders reached Thaba Bosiu, where he was given refuge/sanctuary. He was a good mason and carpenter, and thus built Moshoeshoe I a stone house. It was a rectangular building measuring 10 metres by five metres and was divided internally into two rooms. Moshoeshoe I had four other stone buildings erected as part of his compound – three of which were rectangular and one cylindrical.</p><br>
<h2>Beliefs</h2><br>
<p>Many Basotho believe that the mountain preserved magical properties. One belief is that if an individual takes some dirt from the mountain, he will find that it is gone in the morning, having returned to the mountain.</p><br>
<p>As also mentioned above, news was spread as a form of intimidation to the enemies that the mountain grew larger at night.</p><br>
<h2>Attacks</h2><br>
<p>When Mzilikazi attempted to attack Moshoeshoe I at Thaba Bosiu, trying to gather strength after escaping Shaka Zulu&#39;s rule; they were unsuccessful in their conquest.</p><br>
<p>European invaders in 1852 and the Boers of the Orange Free State were unable to storm Moshoeshoes mountain during the siege of Thaba Bosiu on 18 August 1865. Louw Wepener and 6 000 armed Boers volunteered to charge Thaba Bosiu. Their strategy was simply for the Free State Artillery (Vrystaatse Artillerie Regiment) to bombard the top of the mountain. As they approached, only 100 Boers were still with Wepener by 5pm and others had retreated to the Boer lines. Wepener made it to the top of Khubelo pass only to be struck by a bullet on his head. He is the only enemy ever to reach the mountain top and has been linked to it as Khubela pass is also known as Wepeners pass. The siege of Thaba Bosiu continued until January 1866 when General Jan Fick and his men returned to Free State to reorganise.</p><br>
<h2>Treaty of Thaba Bosiu</h2><br>
<p>Due to being starved after the siege, the Basotho signed a treaty in April 1866, in which they agreed to surrender 3 000 cattle. They also surrendered more than two-thirds of their arable land. At the time, Basotho faced large scale starvation and thus Moshoeshoe and his subjects agreed to the Orange Free State terms. The land they forfeited during this treaty included conquered territory on the west of the bank of the Caledon River and Orange River. This left Basotho with an incredibly reduced cultivable area close to Thaba Bosiu, as well as 32km of arable soil on the east bank of the Caledon River. Villagers, however, did not vacate the surrendered territory and in March 1867, Orange Free State President Johannes Henricus Brand ordered both a resumption and intensification of Free State military action.</p><br>
<p>After the Third Free State Basotho War, in 1867 when Free State conquered the whole Lowlands, Moshoeshoe requested British protection which was granted in March 1868 when Lesotho on the eve of the Boer attack on Thaba Boisu, became a British territory. Thaba Bosiu was the only territory which remained invincible.</p><br>
<h2>Thaba Bosiu Affair</h2><br>
<p>On 27 December 1966, Moshoeshoe II organised protest meetings which culminated in a prayer meeting at Thaba Bosiu. This was a reaction to Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan’s governance (leader of the Basotho National Party - BNP). Moshoeshoe II contested the legitimacy of the BNP governance and his lack of executive powers in the governance of Lesotho. When the prayer meeting was held, Chief Jonathan perceived this defiance as a promotion of insurrection and banned the meeting. A conflict between the security forced and demonstrators ensued, resulting in 10 dead and arrests of many opposition party leaders. Under house arrest, Moshoeshoe II was forced to sign a document promising not to convene or address public gatherings without consent of his government and to present only speeches required and prepared by the government.</p><br>
<h2>National monument</h2><br>
<p>In 1967, the Lesotho government declared the mountain a national monument. In the 1990s, the United Nation Development Programme in conjunction with the Basotho government, initiated the Preservation and Presentation of Thaba Bosiu, the national monument to preserve this historical landmark. This mountain has become a tourist attraction, with a conference centre, a cultural village and many rondavel type of accommodation.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, Moshoeshoe II was buried on the mountain, joining Moshoeshoe I. To keep the cultural significance, several political organisations held meetings or rallies at Thaba Bosiu. For example, Lekhotla la Bafo (a political organisation) held many meetings on top of the mountain. In 1957, Lekhotla la Bafo held a joint meeting with the Basotoland Congress Party (BCP) at Thaba Bosiu.</p><br>
<p>Dawson School is a historic school building located in Tulsa, Oklahoma at the intersection of East Ute Place and North Kingston Place. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. This two-room sandstone building was built in 1908 in Romanesque style. It is a surviving example of the school building boom that occurred after Oklahoma statehood in 1907.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The Dawson School Building was constructed in 1908, the year after Oklahoma became a state. A Tulsa newspaper (the Democrat) printed the following item:</p><br>
<p>A government school began at Dawson with an enrollment of 60. The term now will be four months but school will begin in September will be for nine months. The salary of the teacher and other expenses are paid by the Cherokee Nation and the USA Government.</p><br>
<p>Dawsons school district was incorporated into that of the city of Tulsa in 1927. Children in the seventh and eighth grades were sent from Dawson to Tulsas Cleveland Junior High School. In 1929, Tulsa&#39;s Board of Education approved construction of a new elementary school, which would serve the Dawson area and which would open in 1930. The 1908 building became surplus property. Fortunately for historical purposes, the Tulsa Board returned the old building to the community of Dawson. The retired school building became a community activity center for Dawson, a town named in honor of its first postmaster W.A. Dawson, and was the only public building until a firehouse was constructed in 1942. The entire community was annexed by Tulsa in 1948.</p><br>
<p>The former school is almost the only remaining structure existing as a reminder of the former town of Dawson. Almost all of the other two-room schools that were built before or during the first two decades of the 20th Century have been demolished long ago. Dawson School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The Dawson School Building is one-story high and contains two rooms. The exterior is constructed of sandstone, and has a Romanesque architectural design. The hipped roof is covered with asphalt. The windows are metal, one-over-one and double-hung, with a mesh cover to protect against breakage. The building is aptly described as "utilitarian" and "unpretentious" because there is minimal architectural detail and ornamenation. The building features an arched partial porch and semicircular windows flanking the porch. It originally had a bell tower above the porch. The date when the tower was removed is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The Canal du Nivernais links the Loire with the Seine following approximately the course of the river Yonne in a south to north direction, first climbing northeast and north to cross the Morvan watershed, then roughly following the course of the river Yonne, south to north. Beginning on the Loire in the village of Saint-Léger-des-Vignes, the canal is situated entirely in the département of Nièvre reaching its half-way point at the town of Clamecy and finishes in the town of Auxerre, situated on the river Yonne.</p><br>
<p>The canal is 174 km long and has 112 locks. It is fed at its summit at Port Brûlé by a feeder canal from the Pannecière reservoir, including an elegant aqueduct at Montreuillon. In its northerly course it is regularly fed by the Yonne and on the southern slope by the Aron. The summit level pound also comprises three tunnels. Although the feeder canal arrives at Port Brûlé, the top of the canal is generally considered to be at Baye at the southern end of the tunnels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the canal began in 1784, initially to aid the flottage (floating) of timber rafts from the forests of the Morvan national park to Paris, via Clamecy and Auxerre. However, in reality, the canal was quickly established as an important communication route, carrying timber, building stone, grain and wine out of the region, and bringing in coal. It contributed significantly to the economic development of the Nièvre, particularly the area known as the Valleys of the Yonne of which the small town of Clamecy is the capital, and also to the quarries at Chevroches and Dornecy. The canal du Nivernais importance in this respect, faded with the arrival of the railway in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Boating and tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the canal is exclusively reserved for navigation in recreational craft. A number of boat hire companies have bases on the canal at Auxerre, Vermenton on the short branch, Châtel-Censoir, Coulanges-sur-Yonne, Tannay, Marigny-sur-Yonne, Corbigny, Baye, Châtillon-en-Bazois and Decize. There are also a number of hotel barges, cruising between Auxerre and Clamecy.</p><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<p>The majority of tourists begin their cruise at the historic city of Auxerre after which, the canal winds south through the department of Yonne countryside past a number of small, picturesque villages and hamlets, departing from and rejoining the river Yonne on this ascending leg. Notable villages include Bailly with its famous wine cellars situated in caves, Vincelles and the nearby wine village of Irancy, Cravant, Mailly-la-Ville, Mailly-le-Château, Châtel-Censoir and Coulanges-sur-Yonne. Amongst the most spectacular sites are the Rochers du Saussois (photo), a series of 50 metre-high limestone cliffs beside the river. Shortly after Coulanges, the canal leaves the department of the Yonne and enters the department of the Nièvre.</p><br>
<p>At roughly the half-way point, the canal passes through a landscape of limestone outcrops and undulating farmland until arriving at the medieval town of Clamecy. The Romain Rolland Museum in Clamecy houses a permanent exhibition dedicated to the former industrial and communicatory importance of the canal. Those interested in the history of the canal will be able to visit the now unused parts which were replaced by a stretch of the river.</p><br>
<p>After Clamecy boats cease to navigate on the Yonne and it is canal only up to the summit. The Canal continues to rise, passing through the countryside of the valleys of the Yonne, through more villages and hamlets including Corbigny, the only sizable town for some distance, the last 12 kilometres featuring 28 locks including the 16 locks of the Sardy flight (échelle de Sardy) which lead to the summit at Baye, then Châtillon-en-Bazois with its château overlooking the port and Cercy-la-Tour and its giant Madonna statue, the last town before the canal ends at Saint-Léger-des-Vignes adjacent to Decize.</p><br>
<p>The Hope Rosenwald School, also known as Hope School, is a former school at 1971 Hope Station Road near Pomaria, South Carolina. As a Rosenwald School, it served rural African-American children in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Haskell Hope, the South Carolina Superintendent of Education from 1922 to 1945, sold more than 2 acre of his land for the "gift-like&#39; price of $5 to the Trustees of School District No. 60 for Newberry County, South Carolina in 1925. Donations of $2,200 were raised. Of the private donations, $600 came from African Americans, and $400 from white Americans. State and local government contributed $1,200. The Rosenwald Fund gave $700.</p><br>
<p>The building is based on the Rosenwald Two-Teacher Community School, Floor Plan No. 20. This simple design has elements of Colonial Revival architecture. The building has a wooden frame structure, a brick foundation, and a corrugated metal roof. It is next to St. Paul AME Church. Two teachers worked in the schoolhouse: one led the first, second, and third grades; another taught the fourth, fifth, and sixth. The school was closed in 1954 with the consolidation of public schools. There were still alumni of the school living in or near Pomaria as of January 2007. Desks, a wood-burning stove, and a sign are in the collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture.</p><br>
<p>There also have information on Rosenwald Schools in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The legendary Thurman Ruth, gospel singer, deejay, and concert promoter, was born in Pomaria in 1914. He moved to Brooklyn with his family in 1922 where an early age he organized a gospel quartet, the Selah Jubilee Singers, out of the choir at St. Mark Holy Church (Pentecostal) where they sang every Sunday night for about 10 years. Later Ruth arranged for them to perform along with other black gospel groups on Thurman&#39;s Gospel Caravan at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem.</p><br>
<h2>Hope School Community Center, Inc.</h2><br>
<p>On April 20, 2005, the Hope school was registered with the South Carolina Secretary of State as a non-profit organization as "Hope School Community Center, Inc."</p><br>
<p>The organization&#39;s mission is to supply the needs of the community by administering programs that will have a positive impact on the quality of life for community residents.</p><br>
<p>The Abbeville County Courthouse, built in 1908, is an historic courthouse located in the east corner of Court Square, in the city of Abbeville in Abbeville County, South Carolina. It was designed in the Beaux Arts style by Darlington native William Augustus Edwards who designed several other South Carolina courthouses as well as academic buildings at 12 institutions in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. An arcade connects it to the adjoining Abbeville Opera House and Municipal Center, which Edwards also designed. In 1964, the courthouse was renovated by Lyles, Bissett, Carlisle, and Wolff of Columbia. On October 30, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is included in the Abbeville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current courthouse is the sixth courthouse to serve Abbeville County. The history of the previous courthouses is as follows:</p><br>
<p>1st Courthouse - Wooden frame building, pulled down in 1825</p><br>
<p>2nd Courthouse (c. 1825) - Two-story brick building demolished after discovery of workmen&#39;s fraud (kaolin used instead of lime in mortar)</p><br>
<p>3rd Courthouse (c. 1829) - Designed by Robert Mills during his residency in Abbeville; found to be sinking & deemed unsafe</p><br>
<p>4th Courthouse (c. 1853) - Destroyed by fire in 1872</p><br>
<p>5th Courthouse (c. 1875) - Replaced by present structure in 1908</p><br>
<h2>Artwork</h2><br>
<p>Located inside the central hallway is a portrait of John C. Calhoun, twice vice-president and longtime senator from South Carolina. Calhoun was born southwest of the town on his father&#39;s plantation. He practiced law for a short time on the county square. The courthouse is located on land that once housed the law firm in which Calhoun practiced early in his career.</p><br>
<p>Hale Hōʻikeʻike at the Bailey House  is a museum of Hawaiian history and art located in Wailuku, on the island of Maui, in Hawaii. It is owned and operated by the Maui Historical Society. Old Bailey House is a historic district contributing property within the Wailuku Civic Center Historic District, and is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Building and history</h2><br>
<p>The stone house is situated at the mouth of the Iao Valley, within the former royal residence of Kahekili II (c. 1737–1794), last ruling chief of Maui.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1833 and being one of the first western-style houses in Wailuku, the “Old Bailey House” is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Originally intended as a mission for adults and children, in 1837 the mission was transformed into the Wailuku Female Seminary, a boarding school that not only taught its students Christianity and academic pursuits, such as the three Rs, but also domestic skills such as sewing and housekeeping. First managed by Theodosia and Rev. Jonathan Smith Green, in 1844 Caroline and Edward Bailey assumed responsibility, shortly after arriving in Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, abandoned their funding of the Seminary in 1847. The school endured for several more years after 1847 educating boys and girls on a tuition paying basis. The house and land reverted to the Hawaiian crown but were purchased by the Baileys in 1850. Later, the house and the Baileys&#39; sugarcane fields became part of the Wailuku sugarcane plantation, which then became part of C. Brewer & Co.</p><br>
<p>The Maui Historical Society was established in 1951. Hale Hoʻikeʻike (Hawaiian for "House of Display") was opened on July 6, 1957.</p><br>
<p>Masaru "Pundy" Yokouchi purchased the Bailey House in 1991 and donated it to the Maui Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibits</h2><br>
<p>Hale Hoʻikeʻike is a history museum and contains diverse exhibits on two floors of the historic residence, and on the grounds. They include:</p><br>
<p>Pre-European contact Hawaiian artifacts include utensils, tools, and weapons.</p><br>
<p>Landscape oil paintings by Edward Bailey, the Sunday painter works total over one hundred landscape paintings of 19th-century Maui.</p><br>
<p>A wooden statue of Kamapua&#39;a, a Hawaiian demi-god, created before the abrogation of native Hawaiian religious expression and art. Hidden in an upcountry cave for over a century, it is the only wooden statue on Maui to survive the 1819 purge of the indigenous religion by King Kamehameha II.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the Land Snails Shell Collection, of David Dwight Baldwin. After the arrivals of introduced species of alien land snails, many of the native non-marine Mollusk species endemic to Maui have become extinct species.</p><br>
<p>A model of the Hokulea — which is a modern-day replica of an ancient Polynesian-style sailing vessel.</p><br>
<p>The second floor features the Monarchy Room, which displays information on the Kingdom of Hawaii and artifacts from Hawaii&#39;s monarchy era and the Koa Room which displays a large four poster bed and other furnishings made entirely from Koa. The museum also houses a significant number of historical papers available to researchers.</p><br>
<p>A small outlying shelter displays Duke Kahanamoku&#39;s 1919 redwood surfboard. Also displayed here is the 33 ft Honaunau, a 1900s era outrigger canoe used for fishing. The vessel was carved from a single koa log, and is one of the last koa fishing canoes made in Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The gardens of the museum grounds are designed to display native Hawaiian plants, including endangered species of Maui and the Hawaiian Islands. A gift shop, featuring locally made artisan items, is located on the south of the Old Bailey House. The museum and grounds are open Monday through Saturday, 10 AM to 4 PM.</p><br>
<p>The Decker Building—periodically referred to as the Union Building—is located at 33 Union Square West in Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1892 for the Decker Brothers piano company according to designs by the radical anarchist architect John H. Edelmann, working out of the offices of Alfred Zucker, it replaced the earlier Decker Building on the same lot, designed by Leopold Eidlitz and built in 1869. Andy Warhol had his Factory on the sixth floor of this building from 1968 through 1973. It is also where Valerie Solanas shot Warhol and art critic and curator Mario Amaya in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The building is only 33 feet (11 m) wide and 138 feet (42 m) deep on a lot that goes back 150 feet (46 m). It has a right of way to 16th Street from the rear of the building. The style of the building mixes influences from Venice and Islamic traditions. There are numerous terra cotta details on the façade which remain today. There was a minaret on the roof which disappeared before World War II.</p><br>
<p>The building was valued at $285,000 in 1913, after which it was traded to settle debts.</p><br>
<h2>Warhol years</h2><br>
<p>In 1967, Warhol had to move his Factory from East 47th street due to the building being torn down. Union Square at the time was hardly an upscale neighborhood, but Paul Morrissey had found the loft, in this building, and Warhol agreed to move there. Morrissey by then had met Jed Johnson and hired him to help out with the refinishing of the space. It was around this time (or just prior to it) that Morrissey introduced him to Warhol.</p><br>
<p>On June 3, 1968, Valerie Solanas visited the Factory, looking for Warhol, who she felt was taking control of her screenplay away from her. She waited until Warhol returned around 4pm. Within a few minutes, she shot Warhol three times, seriously wounding him, as well as shooting Mario Amaya. Solanas turned herself in to the police a few hours later.</p><br>
<p>Around 1970, Warhol built a video camera system and taped his visitors and documented the activities around the studio.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, Warhol moved the Factory to 860 Broadway, a short distance away. As part of packing up, he began to create the Warhol Time Capsules.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The building had been vacant and was completely refurbished into apartments by Joseph Pell Lombardi in 1995. Since 2015, the ground floor has been occupied by Dylan&#39;s Candy Bar</p><br>
<p>Clark Mansion also known as Holly Rood or the Gov. James A. Clark Mansion, is one of the most historic homes in Clark County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1813 for James Clark who was 12th governor of Kentucky and was finished in 1814. It was built specifically for James and his wife, who named it after her father. Clark Mansion is historically significant for its Georgian architecture. It is a single building on less than 1-acre (4,000 m2) of land. It is a two-story brick painted red house with a wide front porch and Ionic columns. It also has a wide entrance and the 2nd story has a Palladian window. Clark Mansion sits away from the road and has a huge front yard. It is located close to Hannah McClure Elementary, Library and College Park. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. As it is owned by the local government, people can tour the house and view its antique furniture. It is often used for formal events including weddings.</p><br>
<p>Clark was buried in a private burial ground in the old Clark home at Winchester, Clark County, Kentucky. A Monument was built in the place where he was buried.</p><br>
<p>The Nechako Reservoir, sometimes called the Ootsa Lake Reservoir, is a hydroelectric reservoir in British Columbia, Canada that was formed by the Kenney Dam making a diversion of the Nechako River through the Kitimat Ranges of the Coast Mountains to sea level at Kemano to service the new Alcan aluminum smelter at Kitimat. When it was constructed on the Nechako River in 1952, it resulted in the relocation of over 75 families. It was one of the biggest reservoirs built in Canada to date, until the completion of the Columbia Treaty Dams and the W.A.C. Bennett Dam that created Lake Williston. The water level may swing 10 feet between 2790 and 2800 feet.</p><br>
<p>The damming "linked the rivers and lakes of Ootsa, Intata, Whitesail, Chelaslie, Tetachuck, Tahtsa and Natalkuz into the reservoir with a surface area of over 90,000 hectares." "The water of these lakes and rivers was diverted westward to the Pacific Ocean, instead of eastward to the Fraser River."</p><br>
<p>The creation of the reservoir flooded the series of lakes which typified the upper Nechako basin and in the process rendered the Quanchus Range, which lies between the north and south arms of the reservoir, a virtual island. The names of lakes amalgamated into the reservoir are perpetuated as names for the various stretches of water. The north arm includes Ootsa Lake, Whitesail Lake, and Whitesail Reach, the south arm Eutsuk Lake, Natalkuz Lake, Chedakuz Arm, Knewstubb Lake, Tetachuck Lake and others. Because Ootsa Lake is the largest of the original lakes its name is sometimes used for the whole reservoir, though the official name remains Nechako Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Tweedsmuir North Provincial Park and Protected Area and Entiako Provincial Park both border the reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Impact</h2><br>
<h3>Cheslatta Dakelh (Carrier)</h3><br>
<p>For many generations, the shores of Ootsa Lake were home to the Cheslatta Carrier Nation. The flooding of Nechako Canyon destroyed their traditional hunting and fishing grounds and their homes.</p><br>
<h3>Salvage archaeology</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1940s, University of British Columbia professor Charles Edward Borden shifted his attention toward urgent salvage archaeology in the Nechako Canyon after learning that ALCAN planned on flooding the Nechako Canyon to supply power for their smelter in Kitimat (known as Kemano I Project). In 1951 Borden and his protégé, anthropology student, Wilson Duff located over 130 sites of importance to Cheslatta Ten history. They conducted more intensive investigations prior to the flooding of the area. The damming triggered "devastating changes for First Nations communities whose traditional territories lay in their path, including the destruction of Aboriginal gravesites, territories, livelihoods, and archaeological sites." In 1957, Alcan opened the gate of the spillway to Skins Lake desecrating Cheslatta graves, which came to public attention during the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.</p><br>
<h2>Kemano Completion Project</h2><br>
<p>In the 1970s Alcan proposed expanding the generating capacity at their Kemano Powerhouse by diverting more water from the Nechako Reservoir. No additional dams would be required and no additional flooding would take place. However, the project was cancelled by the Provincial Government in 1995 on account of environmental concerns in the Nechako River. A second power tunnel, intended for use in the project, was completed between the reservoir and the powerhouse for use as backup.</p><br>
<p>Lake Charvak  is a water reservoir in Bostanliq District in the northern part of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan, separating Ugam , Pskem , and Chatkal  ranges. The reservoir was created by erecting a 168 m high stone dam  on the Chirchiq River, a short distance downstream from the confluence of Pskem, Ko&#39;ksu and Chatkal rivers in the western Tian Shan mountains, which provide the main volume of water. Currently the confluence cannot be seen and all three rivers discharge directly into Charvak. The reservoir capacity is 2 km3.</p><br>
<p>Lake Charvak is the uppermost of the several reservoirs made on the Chirchiq River. Downstream, there are Khodzhikent Reservoir and Gazalkent Reservoir, which have a much smaller area.</p><br>
<p>The dam construction was started in 1964 and completed in 1970. About 150 archaeological sites were submerged under water when the reservoir was filled up. These sites were investigated by the Institute of History and Archaeology of Uzbekistan before the dam was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Lake Charvak is a popular resort in Tashkent region and thousands of holiday makers from all over Uzbekistan and neighbouring countries visit the reservoir. Villages on the banks of Charvak such as Yusufhona, Brichmulla, Nanay, Chorvoq, Sidjak, Bogustan and their surroundings offer wide range of hotels, dachas, houses and tapchans to accommodate tourists. Yusufhona is also a popular place among paragliders and provides facilities for this sport.</p><br>
<p>The Church Building is located at the corner of Main and Market Streets in downtown Poughkeepsie, New York, United States, just across Market Street from the Dutchess County Court House, and north of the Bardavon Theater. It is a complex of stores and other commercial space, so named because it is owned by the Reformed Dutch Church of Poughkeepsie, which has owned the land since 1717 and benefits from the rental income. It was the western anchor of Main Mall, the city&#39;s former pedestrian mall.</p><br>
<p>It is considered the best example of Art Deco architecture in the city, where most commercial buildings predate the style&#39;s popularity in the 1930s. The two-story building has tilework designs suggesting Native American aesthetics. Other ornamental touches associated with Art Deco include, floral and patterned metalwork along the shop cornices, and polished green and black marble inside. There are also ribbed pilasters between the windows and a multicolored chevron pattern above and below the roof parapets.</p><br>
<p>The interior is intact, although some of the offices and shops have been modernized. One of the former does remain in its original condition. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Silverthrone Caldera is a potentially active caldera complex in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located over 350 km northwest of the city of Vancouver and about 50 km west of Mount Waddington in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains. The caldera is one of the largest of the few calderas in western Canada, measuring about 30 km long  and 20 km wide .</p><br>
<p>The main glaciers in the Silverthrone area are the Pashleth, Kingcome, Trudel, Klinaklini and Silverthrone glaciers. Most of the caldera lies in the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield, which is the largest icefield in the southern half of the Coast Mountains; it is one of the five icefields in southwestern British Columbia that thinned between the mid-1980s and 1999 due to global warming.</p><br>
<p>The Silverthrone Caldera is very remote and rarely visited or studied by geoscientists, such as volcanologists. It can be reached by helicopter or — with major difficulty — by hiking along one of the several river valleys extending from the British Columbia Coast or from the Interior Plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Silverthrone is part of the Pemberton Volcanic Belt, which is circumscribed by a group of epizonal intrusions. At another deeply eroded caldera complex called Franklin Glacier Volcano, the Pemberton Volcanic Belt merges with the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, a northwest-trending belt of volcanic cones and fields extending from near the Canada–United States border east of Vancouver on the British Columbia Coast. The intrusions are thought to be subvolcanic bodies associated with a volcanic front that was active in the Miocene, during early stages of subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate. With the notable exception of King Island, all the intrusive and eruptive rocks are calc-alkaline, mainly granodioritic bodies and dacite ejecta.</p><br>
<p>On a broader scale, the intrusive and eruptive rocks are part of the Coast Plutonic Complex, which is the single largest contiguous granite outcropping in North America. The intrusive and metamorphic rocks extend approximately 1,800 km along the coast of British Columbia, the Alaska Panhandle and southwestern Yukon. This is a remnant of a once vast volcanic arc called the Coast Range Arc that formed as a result of subduction of the Farallon and Kula Plates during the Jurassic-to-Eocene periods.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>Like other calderas, Silverthrone formed as a result of emptying the magma chamber beneath the volcano. If enough magma is erupted, the emptied chamber will not be able to support the weight of the volcanic edifice above it. A roughly circular fracture—a "ring fault"—develops around the edge of the chamber. These ring fractures serve as feeders for fault intrusions that are also known as ring dikes. Secondary volcanic vents may form above the ring fracture. As the magma chamber empties, the center of the volcano within the ring fracture begins to collapse. The collapse may occur as the result of a single cataclysmic eruption, or it may occur in stages as the result of a series of eruptions. The total area that collapses may be hundreds of thousands of square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>Steep contacts between the thick basal breccia of Mount Silverthrone and older crystalline rocks of adjacent peaks suggest that the breccia is part of a caldera-fill succession. The presence of irregular subvolcanic intrusions and a profusion of dikes within the breccia—but not in adjacent country rock—provide further evidence of the Silverthrone Caldera. Potassium-argon dates of 750,000 and 400,000 years on rhyolitic lava domes above the basal breccia are consistent with the high rates of uplift and erosion recorded elsewhere in the Coast Mountains.</p><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The still largely unexplained tectonic causes of the volcanism that has produced the Silverthrone Caldera are a matter of ongoing research. Silverthrone is not above a hotspot as are Nazko or Hawaii. However, it may be a product of the Cascadia subduction zone because andesite, basaltic andesite, dacite and rhyolite can be found at the volcano and elsewhere along the subduction zone. At issue are the current plate configuration and rate of subduction but Silverthrone&#39;s chemistry indicates that Silverthrone is subduction related.</p><br>
<p>The Cascadia subduction zone is a long convergent plate boundary that separates the Juan de Fuca, Explorer, Gorda and North American Plates. Here, the oceanic crust of the Pacific Ocean sinks beneath North America at a rate of 40 mm per year. Hot magma upwelling above the descending oceanic plate creates volcanoes, each of which erupts for a few million years. It is estimated that the subduction zone has existed for at least 37 million years; in that time it has created a line of volcanoes, called the Cascade Volcanic Arc, that stretches over 1,000 km along the subduction zone from Northern California to Vancouver Island. Several volcanoes in the arc are potentially active. All of the known historic eruptions in the arc have been in the United States. Two of the most recent were Lassen Peak in 1914 to 1921 and the major eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. It is also the site of Canada&#39;s most recent major eruption, about 2,350 years ago at the Mount Meager volcanic complex.</p><br>
<h3>Eruptive history</h3><br>
<p>Very little is known about Silverthrone’s eruptive history. However, as at other calderas, eruptions at Silverthrone are explosive in nature, involving viscous magma, glowing avalanches of hot volcanic ash and pyroclastic flows. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, having high to intermediate levels of silica, as in rhyolite, dacite, and andesite. Andesitic and rhyolitic magma are commonly associated with the two forms of explosive eruptions called Plinian and Peléan eruptions. Silverthrone is considerably younger than its nearest prominent neighbour Franklin Glacier Volcano to the east-southeast.</p><br>
<p>Most of the caldera&#39;s eruptive products have been heavily eroded by alpine glaciers and are now exposed in precipitous slopes extending from near sea level to elevations less than 3,000 m. The younger andesitic rocks issued from a cluster of vents, now mostly ice-covered, ranged around the periphery of the caldera. At high elevations, proximal breccia and cinders from several eroded cones rest on coarse colluvium derived from the older parts of the volcanic complex. The presence of unconsolidated glacial fluvial deposits under the flow suggest that it is less than 1,000 years old.</p><br>
<p>Although the particular Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of the Silverthrone Caldera is unknown, the chemistry and structure of the volcano can be compared to other calderas that have a history of producing some of the world&#39;s most violent eruptions. It is about 30 km long and 20 km wide while the Crater Lake caldera in Oregon, United States is 10 km long and 8 km wide. Such calderas are usually formed by large cataclysmic eruptions reaching 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (described as "super-colossal").</p><br>
<h3>Current activity</h3><br>
<p>Silverthrone Caldera is one of the eleven Canadian volcanoes associated with recent seismic activity: the others are Castle Rock, and Nazko Cone. Seismic data suggests that these volcanoes still contain live magma plumbing systems, indicating possible future eruptive activity. Although the available data does not allow a clear conclusion, these observations are further indications that some of Canadas volcanoes are potentially active, and that their associated hazards may be significant. The seismic activity correlates both with some of Canadas most youthful volcanoes, and with long-lived volcanic centers with a history of significant explosive behavior, such as the Silverthrone Caldera.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanic hazards</h2><br>
<p>Volcanic eruptions in Canada rarely cause fatalities because of their remoteness and low level of activity. The only known fatality due to volcanic activity in Canada occurred at the Tseax Cone in 1775, when a 22.5 km lava flow traveled down the Tseax and Nass Rivers, destroying a Nisga&#39;a village and killing approximately 2,000 people by volcanic gases.</p><br>
<p>Towns and cities south of Silverthrone are home to well over half of British Columbia&#39;s human population, and there is a likelihood that future eruptions will cause damage to populated areas, making Silverthrone and other Garibaldi belt volcanoes further south a major potential hazard. For this reason, additional projects to study Silverthrone and other Garibaldi belt volcanoes to the south are being planned by the Geological Survey of Canada. There are significant hazards from almost all Canadian volcanoes that require hazard maps and emergency plans. Volcanoes which exhibit significant seismic activity, such as Silverthrone, appear to be most likely to erupt. A significant eruption of any of the Garibaldi belt volcanoes would significantly impact Highway 99 and communities like Pemberton, Whistler and Squamish, and possibly Vancouver.</p><br>
<h3>Explosive eruptions</h3><br>
<p>The explosive nature of past eruptions at Silverthrone Caldera suggests that this volcano poses a significant long-distance threat to communities across Canada. A large explosive eruption can produce large amounts of ash that could significantly affect communities across Canada. Ash columns could rise to several hundred meters above the volcano which would make this a hazard for air traffic along the coastal airway between Vancouver and Alaska. Volcanic ash reduces visibility and can cause jet engine failure as well as damage to other aircraft systems. In addition, pyroclastic fall could also have a deleterious effect on the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield surrounding the volcano. Melting of glacial ice could cause lahars or debris flows. This in turn could endanger water supplies on the Machmell River and other local water sources.</p><br>
<h3>Lava flows</h3><br>
<p>Because the Silverthrone region is in a remote and exceptionally rugged part of the Coast Mountains, danger from lava flows would be low to moderate. Magma with high to intermediate levels of silica (as in andesite, dacite or rhyolite) commonly move slowly and typically cover small areas to form steep-sided mounds called lava domes. Lava domes often grow by the extrusion of many individual flows less than 30 m thick over a period of several months or years. Such flows will overlap one another and typically move less than a few meters per hour. But lava eruptions at Silverthrone Caldera can be more intense than those at other Cascade volcanoes. Lava flows with high to intermediate levels of silica rarely extend more than 8 km from their source while Silverthrone has produced a 10 km long andesitic lava flow in the Pashleth Creek and Machmell River valleys. There is also evidence lava flows may have once partly blocked or at least altered the course of the Machmell River. Renewed activity in this area could disrupt the course of the river and have a serious impact on people living or working downstream.</p><br>
<h3>Volcanic gas</h3><br>
<p>Volcanic gas includes a variety of substances. These include gases trapped in cavities (vesicles) in volcanic rocks, dissolved or dissociated gases in magma and lava, or gases emanating directly from lava or indirectly through ground water heated by volcanic action. The volcanic gases that pose the greatest potential hazard to people, animals, agriculture, and property are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Locally, sulfur dioxide gas can lead to acid rain and air pollution downwind from the volcano. Globally, large explosive eruptions that inject a tremendous volume of sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere can lead to lower surface temperatures and promote weakening of the Earth&#39;s ozone layer. Because carbon dioxide gas is heavier than air, the gas may flow into low-lying areas and collect in the soil. The concentration of carbon dioxide gas in these areas can be lethal to people, animals, and vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Monitoring</h2><br>
<p>Currently Silverthrone is not monitored closely enough by the Geological Survey of Canada to ascertain how active the volcano&#39;s magma system is. The existing network of seismographs has been established to monitor tectonic earthquakes and is too far away to provide a good indication of what is happening beneath the caldera. It may sense an increase in activity if the volcano becomes very restless, but this may only provide a warning for a large eruption. It might detect activity only after the volcano has started erupting.</p><br>
<p>A possible way to detect an eruption is studying Silverthrones geological history since every volcano has its own pattern of behavior, in terms of its eruption style, magnitude and frequency, so that its future eruption is expected to be similar to its previous eruptions. But this would likely be abandoned in part because of the volcanos remoteness.</p><br>
<p>While there is a likelihood of Canada being critically affected by local or close by volcanic eruptions argues that some kind of improvement program is required. Benefit-cost thoughts are critical to dealing with natural hazards. However, a benefit-cost examination needs correct data about the hazard types, magnitudes and occurrences. These do not exist for volcanoes in British Columbia or elsewhere in Canada in the detail required.</p><br>
<p>Other volcanic techniques, such as hazard mapping, displays a volcano&#39;s eruptive history in detail and speculates an understanding of the hazardous activity that could possibly be expected in the future. At present no hazard maps have been created for the Silverthrone Caldera because the level of knowledge is insufficient due to its remoteness. A large volcanic hazard program has never existed within the Geological Survey of Canada. The majority of information has been collected in a lengthy, separate way from the support of several employees, such as volcanologists and other geologic scientists. Current knowledge is best established at Mount Meager and is likely to rise considerably with a temporary mapping and monitoring project. Knowledge at the Silverthrone Caldera and other volcanoes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt is not as established, but certain contributions are being done at least Mount Cayley. An intensive program classifiying infrastructural exposure near all young Canadian volcanoes and quick hazard assessments at each individual volcanic edifice associated with recent seismic activity would be in advance and would produce a quick and productive determination of priority areas for further efforts.</p><br>
<p>The existing network of seismographs to monitor tectonic earthquakes has existed since 1975, although it remained small in population until 1985. Apart from a few short-term seismic monitoring experiments by the Geological Survey of Canada, no volcano monitoring has been accomplished at the Silverthrone Caldera or at other volcanoes in Canada at a level approaching that in other established countries with historically active volcanoes. Active or restless volcanoes are usually monitored using at least three seismographs all within approximately 15 km, and frequently within 5 km, for better sensitivity of detection and reduced location errors, particularly for earthquake depth. Such monitoring detects the risk of an eruption, offering a forecasting capability which is important to mitigating volcanic risk. Currently the Silverthrone Caldera does not have a seismograph closer than 124 km. With increasing distance and declining numbers of seismographs used to indicate seismic activity, the prediction capability is reduced because earthquake location and depth measurement accuracy decreases. The inaccurate earthquake locations in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt are a few kilometers, and in more isolated northern regions they are up to 10 km. The location magnitude level in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt is about magnitude 1 to 1.5, and elsewhere it is magnitude 1.5 to 2. At "carefully monitored volcanoes both the located and noticed events are recorded and surveyed immediately to improve the understanding of a future eruption. Undetected events are not recorded or surveyed in British Columbia immediately, nor in an easy-to-access process.</p><br>
<p>In countries like Canada it is possible that small precursor earthquake swarms might go undetected, particularly if no events were observed; more significant events in larger swarms would be detected but only a minor subdivision of the swarm events would be complex to clarify them with confidence as volcanic in nature, or even associate them with an individual volcanic edifice.</p><br>
<p>Takla Lake is the fifth largest natural lake in British Columbia, Canada. It is a deep fjord-like lake with the Swannell Ranges to the east, the Driftwood River flowing into it from the north, and the Middle River draining it. It is the terminus of the early Stuart-Takla sockeye salmon run, and noted for its large rainbow trout, lake trout and Dolly Varden. The peninsula is the home of Mount Blanchet Provincial Park. Also on the peninsula is a herd of collared woodland caribou, and the winter range of grizzly bears. Two special features are Takla Lake Marine Park, and an Ecological Reserve on the peninsula, a stand of very northerly Douglas Fir. Takla Lake is also the origin of both of Canada&#39;s national airlines, both Russ Baker and Grant McConachie running bush plane routes out of Takla Lake. It is a popular canoe route from the top end down to Fort St. James.</p><br>
<p>The Norway Lutheran Church or Old Muskego Church stands on the edge of the campus of Luther Seminary in Saint Paul, Minnesota.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Old Muskego Church was erected by Norwegian-American Lutherans near Waterford in the Wind Lake area of Racine County, Wisconsin in 1844, four years before Wisconsin became a state. It was originally built in the Muskego Settlement near Muskego, Wisconsin, by Norwegian immigrant settlers.</p><br>
<p>Even Hansen Heg (1789 - 1850), father of Civil War Hero Hans Christian Heg, donated the land on which the original church was built. Within the first year of construction, the congregation called pioneer Lutheran minister Claus Lauritz Clausen, to serve as the first minister. Clausen would be followed by Hans Gerhard Stub, future Bishop of the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America. The congregation made use of the facility for 25 years, replacing the building with a new church in 1869.</p><br>
<p>Principally through the efforts of historian, Hjalmar Holand, the Old Muskego Church was purchased, taken apart, moved and re-assembled in Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1904. The Minnesota Historical Society dedicated the church a State Historical Site in 1963. It is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Charles P. Noyes Cottage  was a summer home of Saint Paul pharmacist, Charles P. Noyes, who came to St. Paul in 1868. The cottage is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>A sign outside the cottage cites it as being a rare example of American Picturesque architecture, dating back to the late 19th century when White Bear Lake was a resort town with large colonnaded hotels and fine summer homes along the lake.</p><br>
<p>The house was owned by the Fillebrown family for most of its years as a residence, and was donated to the White Bear Lake Area</p><br>
<p>Historical Society in 1978. White Bear Lake Area</p><br>
<p>Historical Society - Museum The house is open for tours and special events.</p><br>
<p>Fort Southwest Point was a federal frontier outpost at what is now Kingston, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. Constructed in 1797 and garrisoned by federal soldiers until 1811, the fort served as a major point of interaction between the Cherokee and the United States government as well as a way station for early migrants travelling between Knoxville and Nashville.</p><br>
<p>Although there are no records and few contemporary descriptions pertaining to the forts design and structure, archaeological excavations conducted in the 1970s and 1980s have determined the forts layout. Based on these findings, the City of Kingston and the Tennessee Division of Archaeology have reconstructed part of the fort. The site is managed by the City of Kingston.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical setting</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Southwest Point site is situated on a hill overlooking the confluence of the Tennessee River and the Clinch River. This confluence is now part of the Watts Bar Lake impoundment of the Tennessee River, created by the completion of Watts Bar Dam in 1942 as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority system of hydroelectric installations along the river valley begun during the "New Deal" administration of 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Emory River empties into the Clinch approximately 5 mi upstream from Southwest Point.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Southwest Point site is part of Southwest Point Park, which serves as both a historical and recreational area. The park is located along Tennessee State Route 58 approximately 2 mi south of Interstate 40 and 1 mi south of USA Route 70.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Southwest Point Blockhouse, 1792-1797</h3><br>
<p>At the height of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in 1779, Colonel Arthur Campbell suggested the confluence of the Clinch and Tennessee as a possible site for a fort to the Governor of Virginia. Although Virginia never acted on Campbells advice, the end of the war brought a flood of settlers southwest across the Appalachian Mountains chain into the Tennessee Valley, leading to increased conflict with the valleys Cherokee inhabitants. During this period, two events occurred that greatly enhanced Southwest Point&#39;s strategic importance: the construction of the Avery Trace in 1788 and the signing of the Treaty of Holston in 1791. The Avery Trace, which began at Southwest Point, became the key road connecting East Tennessee and Middle Tennessee until around 1800. The Treaty of Holston fixed the boundary between USA federal and Cherokee Indian lands at the Clinch River, placing Southwest Point on the fringe of lands open to settlement in East Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The waning years of the Cherokee–American wars (1776-1795), brought an increase in Chickamauga Cherokee attacks against the encroaching European -American settlers. Southwest Territorial governor William Blount kept the militia on call for much of the early 1790s in order to protect settlers and enforce the terms of the Holston Treaty. General John Sevier, who commanded part of the militia, encamped at Southwest Point in 1792. By November of that year, Sevier&#39;s troops had completed a log blockhouse at the site, which they used as a base until 1793 when United States Army federal troops arrived in the Old Southwest.</p><br>
<h3>Fort Southwest Point, 1797-1811</h3><br>
<p>Between 1793 and 1796, the Southwest Point Blockhouse was garrisoned by a federal contingent of 10 to 15 troops. During this time, a decision was made to replace the blockhouse with a much larger fort. While the early records regarding the fort&#39;s construction were destroyed in a fire, historians have determined that the fort was completed by federal troops under the command of Captain John Wade and Captain Richard Sparks in July 1797. The fort was originally referred to as "Fort Butler" after Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Butler (commander of federal forces in East Tennessee), but the name had been changed to "Fort Southwest Point" by 1798.</p><br>
<p>Lieutenant-Colonel Butler moved his headquarters to Fort Southwest Point in 1799, when nine companies (7 infantry, 1 artillery, and 1 dragoon) totaling roughly 400-500 troops were garrisoned at the fort. Around the same time, lots had been sold for what eventually become the city of Kingston, named for Major Robert King, an officer stationed at the fort.</p><br>
<p>Among the first duties of the Southwest Point garrison was to remove individuals (known as "squatters") who had settled on Cherokee lands illegally. However, the first Treaty of Tellico&mdash; which Butler helped negotiate in 1798&mdash; resolved many of the issues regarding squatters, and reduced the need for federal troops in the area. By 1801, the Southwest Point garrison consisted of roughly 100 troops.</p><br>
<p>In 1801, Colonel Return J. Meigs was appointed Cherokee Agent and Military Agent for the USA War Department in Tennessee. Although its garrison had been reduced, Fort Southwest Point served as an office for Meigs and as a distribution center for the Cherokee "annuity" (an annual payment of goods by the USA government in exchange for land cessions). Meigs immediately began negotiating with the Cherokee in hopes of obtaining permission to build a wagon road across their lands connecting Knoxville and Nashville. In 1805, the Third and Fourth Treaties of Tellico brought most of the Cumberland Plateau region under USA dominion, making the road possible. As the treaties pushed the USA-Cherokee border south to the Hiwassee River, the garrison at Southwest Point was no longer needed. By 1807, Meigs and most of the federal garrison had relocated to the Hiwassee area. A skeleton contingent of less than 5 soldiers maintained Fort Southwest Point until 1811.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological findings</h2><br>
<p>The Southwest Point site was purchased by the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930s in anticipation of the construction of Watts Bar Dam (the site is well above reservoir flood levels, however). In 1973, the University of Tennessee conducted excavations at the site, locating six structures and evidence of prehistoric habitation. Between 1984 and 1986, the Tennessee Division of Archaeology, seeking information to aide in the forts reconstruction, conducted more extensive investigations at the site. These excavations uncovered nine additional structures and the palisade ditch, allowing researchers to determine the forts original layout.</p><br>
<p>The prehistoric findings at the site include an infant burial, storage pits, and sherds. Hickory nut shells uncovered in a basin-style hearth returned a radiocarbon date of approximately 1360 AD.</p><br>
<h3>Structures</h3><br>
<p>According to archaeological findings, Fort Southwest Point was 297 ft x 175 ft, enclosing approximately 1.2 acre. There were at least 15 structure located within the fort, the layout of which has been determined mostly from the remnants of their foundations.</p><br>
<p>Structure 1 &mdash; 17 ft x 22 ft, probably a corner blockhouse.</p><br>
<p>Structure 2 &mdash; a vault, 14 ft deep, probably a privy.</p><br>
<p>Structure 3 &mdash; 70 ft x 22 ft, probably officers&#39; quarters and administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>Structure 4 &mdash; 62 ft x 22 ft, probably barracks. This structure included a drain that channeled water to a cistern.</p><br>
<p>Structure 5 &mdash; 62 ft x 22 ft, probably barracks.</p><br>
<p>Structure 6 &mdash; 43.5 ft x 22 ft, probably barracks.</p><br>
<p>Structure 7 &mdash; appx. 83 ft x 22 ft</p><br>
<p>Structure 8 &mdash; 43 ft x 22 ft, possibly a distribution center.</p><br>
<p>Structure 9 &mdash; a vault, 8 ft x 10 ft and 10.5 ft deep, probably a privy.</p><br>
<p>Structure 10 &mdash; 22 ft x 18 ft, probably a corner blockhouse.</p><br>
<p>Structure 11 &mdash; appx. 17 ft x 18 ft, probably a blockhouse.</p><br>
<p>Structure 12 &mdash; similar to Structures 2 and 9, probably a privy.</p><br>
<p>Structure 13 &mdash; similar to Structures 10 and 11, probably a blockhouse.</p><br>
<p>Structure 14 &mdash; 63 ft x 17 ft, probably barracks.</p><br>
<p>Structure 15 &mdash; 62 ft x 23 ft, probably a supply building.</p><br>
<p>The Adams-Nervine Asylum was incorporated in 1877 and opened in 1880 in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. The estate provided an attractive, picturesque setting, as it was situated on Centre Street, in the neighborhood of Bussy Park and the Arnold Arboretum. Having previously been owned by J. Gardiner Weld, it was purchased by Seth Adams with his fortune acquired from his sugar refinery in South Boston. With his brother Isaac, Seth had formerly manufactured printing presses and machinery. On his death, his estate bequeathed $600,000 for the establishment of a curative institution for the benefit of indigent, debilitated and nervous people: inhabitants of the State who were not insane. The trustees purchased neighboring properties for the Asylum in 1879.The estate was vacated in 1976 and left to The Adams Trust.</p><br>
<h2>Theoretical Practice</h2><br>
<p>The institution was to incorporate the theories of Thomas Kirkbride. Kirkbride was a contemporary Philadelphian psychiatrist who developed the system of moral treatment for patients with nervous disorders. In his practice, he advocated a home-style atmosphere, non-isolation, and the dignity of the patients. The asylum was to stress the importance of patient individuality and freedom of movement.</p><br>
<h2>Patients</h2><br>
<p>The first patient of the asylum was admitted on April 11, 1880. The statistics of the asylum show that of those admitted, unmarried women are in a great majority. According to the doctor, the nervousness in these women was directly related to them out working themselves and waiting upon others. Housework and teaching contributed to nearly 50 percent of the victims of nervous disorders. Nearly 20 percent of the patients came under the head of “housewives”. Among housewives, overwork, care, anxiety, and sleeplessness, incident to domestic afflictions, were the assigned causes.</p><br>
<p>The number of recoveries at the asylum was not large. One of the asylum’s doctors, Dr. Webber, stated in an annual report, “Many patients have been ailing for years, or have inherited a weak, nervous organization, and those among such patients whose means have been limited have been obliged to uses their strength and energy in keeping the home circle unbroken. The strain of this upon a naturally weak, nervous system is severe, and in such cases, a partial recovery is the most that can be expected from a ‘few months’ stay at the asylum. The relief obtained is, however, of great benefit, enabling the patient to take up her burdens again with fresh courage and renewed strength. They do not realize the amount of strength they have gained until after returning to their accustomed labors, and many continue to improve, and subsequently regain full health.”</p><br>
<p>The average stay of patients at the Asylum was a little over four months, and few stayed longer than six. Occasionally a patient remained for a year, but this was not considered desirable.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural History</h2><br>
<p>The complex is made up of three large buildings and four smaller ones. The oldest structure, the J. Gardiner Weld House, was built c. 1875, in the French Mansard style. The unknown architect delivered a facile version of the French Mansard style villa and the interior ornament was also elaborate, academic, and architectonically placed to articulate openings, corners, and other shifts of plane. Interior revisions were made in 1879 when the house became the administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>The Adams House, built in 1880, served the female patients; it was not until 1895 that a House for Men was completed. Men never numbered more than 25% of the total patient population of about forty.</p><br>
<p>The Director’s House displayed the neo-classical symmetry and proportions of the Colonial Revival style and contrasts with the picturesque forms of the Weld Mansion and Adams House.</p><br>
<p>The asylum designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1977 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The buildings in the complex have become condominiums and apartments.</p><br>
<p>Peover Hall Stable Block is in the grounds of Peover Hall, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The stable block was built in 1654 as a gift from Mrs Ellen Mainwaring to her son Thomas. A first floor was added to it in the early or middle part of the 18th century. A coach house was added to the right of the block in 1764, and an extension was added to the rear later in the century. On its left is a 20th-century addition.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The block is in two storeys, and is built in red and plum-coloured brick with a slate roof and stone dressings. The brickwork is in English bond and the bricks in the upper storey are lighter in colour than those in the lower storey. The brickwork rests on a stone plinth, a string course runs between the storeys, and stone quoins are at the corners. The entrance door is in the centre and has a moulded stone surround. On the door lintel is an inscribed panel relating to the gift and its date. On each side of the door are three five-light windows with moulded stone surrounds and mullions. In the upper storey are three round pitch holes with plain stone surrounds. The rear extension consists of three gabled two-storey wings with single-storey loose boxes between them. The wings each have a circular hole in the first floor; in the middle wing this leads to a pigeon loft, while the others are pitch holes.</p><br>
<p>Internally are 13 stalls with wooden terminating posts in the form of carved Tuscan style columns standing on octagonal pedestals. The upper parts of the columns have semicircular arches leading to carved lintels, the whole structure forming an elaborate screen. At the rear of the stalls are square posts with arched braces. The ceiling is panelled and the panels contain floral patterns in relief. It is stated that "the application of these details to a stable makes this one of the most lavish buildings of this date in Cheshire". The authors of the Buildings of England series state that it is "an important survival of the type".</p><br>
<p>Peover Hall is a country house in the civil parish of Peover Superior, commonly known as Over Peover, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was refaced in 1585 and was built for Sir Ralph Mainwaring. There have been alterations and additions to the house in around 1653–56, around 1764, around 1944 and in 1966. It was originally planned as an H- shaped house but this plan was abandoned around 1590. Randle and Juliet Brooks currently reside in Peover Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and contents</h2><br>
<p>The house is built in red brick with stone dressings and a tiled roof. The early parts of the house are partly two-storeyed with gables and partly three-storeyed with flat roofs. The windows are mullioned and transomed. The house is roughly rectangular in shape with an entrance corridor which runs across its depth. On the left of the corridor is a small sitting room which contains woodwork and furniture from the 16th century. At the centre of the ground floor is the dining room which includes wooden pilasters which were formerly in Horsley Hall, Clwyd, and paintings and furniture from the 18th century. Also on the ground floor is the morning room in which is a set of bookcases from Oteley, a former seat of the Mainwaring family in Shropshire. On the first floor are the drawing room and 5 bedrooms. The drawing room is in the centre of the building and contains early 18th-century panelling, 17th and 18th-century furniture, and another set of bookcases from Oteley. On the top floor are 6 further bedrooms and the long gallery which contains antique furniture and toys. The kitchen in the basement has two large fireplaces and it also contains arms and armour.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding buildings and gardens</h2><br>
<p>The stable block is dated 1654 and is listed at Grade I. It contains Tuscan style columns at the end of each stall and a decorated panelled ceiling. It is built in red brick on a stone plinth, with stone dressings and a slate roof. It is in two storey and has nine bays. On its roof is a cupola with a clock face. The coach house is listed at Grade II. Also listed at Grade II are ashlar gatepiers and wrought iron gates which came from Alderley Park, and a mounting block dating from the mid 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The hall has a formal garden and stands in a landscape park. The landscape park was probably landscaped by William Emes after the alterations to the house in 1764. The formal gardens were laid out between 1890 and 1905 for Sir Philip Tatton Mainwaring. They were remodelled by Hubert Worthington during the 1920s, and were further developed from the 1960s by the Brooks. The gardens are listed at Grade II on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. The gardens are open to the public at advertised times and tours of the house are available.</p><br>
<p>The Luckey, Platt & Company Department Store building is located at the corner of Main and Academy streets in downtown Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. For most of the 20th century it was a major retail destination not only for the city but the entire Hudson Valley. Its closure in 1981, after years of losing customers to suburban shopping malls, was a serious blow to the city&#39;s Main Mall. The structure remained vacant until December 2008, when after several years of renovation it was reopened as a residential development with 143 rental apartments, with additional commercial space on the ground floor, as an anchor and catalyst for further downtown revitalization.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The massive, gray, five-story Classical Revival structure was designed by Percival Lloyd and opened in 1923. There are from 11-17 bays. The roofline features a parapet roof with a molded cornice below featuring small lion&#39;s heads. The frieze has other features of the style, such as anthemion brackets, egg-and-dart and dentil moldings. Further down the facade are found pilasters with foliated capitals.</p><br>
<p>Immediately adjacent on either street are older, more Italianate buildings which housed the store&#39;s operations before the construction of the main building. They are included as contributing resources to its 1982 listing in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Company history</h2><br>
<p>The company long predated the building, and even its name. In 1869, Edmund Platt bought Luckey&#39;s, a retailer that had been established almost a quarter-century earlier. It was ahead of its time in charging a fixed price for every item in the store, and doing business only in cash.</p><br>
<p>The partners moved it to the first of the three original Main Street buildings five years later, beginning a half-century of rapid growth at that location, with the help of a third partner, Smith DeGarmo. In 1882 they added an elevator so patrons could more easily navigate the store.</p><br>
<p>By 1901 it was necessary to expand again and two more buildings were purchased. Nine years later an annex was built to sell furniture. The store considered itself "the peer of all mercantile establishments on the Hudson River and the most complete store of its kind in any city in the USA the size of Poughkeepsie." Their advertisements claimed to have the equivalent of 30 stores under one roof, 175 sales clerks and 2 miles (3.2 km) of counter space.</p><br>
<p>The new building was completed in 1923. For almost half a century afterwards, the store remained the region&#39;s major retailer, although it did not grow as it had in its earlier years. By the early 1970s, however, increasing suburbanization and the growth of the automobile had given it its first serious competition, in the form of the South Hills Mall. Luckey Platt opened a branch at one, the Dutchess Mall, roughly 10 miles south of Poughkeepsie near Fishkill, but it still lost customers.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1970s, the city tried to revive its downtown by closing off the two blocks of Main Street west of the store to create Main Mall, a pedestrian mall that would offer shoppers a comparable experience to the suburban malls. Since it was necessary to raze some other adjacent stores and buildings to create parking lots, the plan actually exacerbated the neighborhood&#39;s decline. Seven years after the mall was created, in 1981, Luckey Platt closed both its main store and the Dutchess Mall branch.</p><br>
<p>The building has remained vacant since then. Ownership eventually reverted to the city. In the early 1990s, Dutchess County needed space to expand its nearby courthouse and considered using the building. Instead, it built a new annex next to the existing courthouse. Artist Peter Max looked into starting a museum and arts center in the building in the early 2000s. But the deal fell through, and three of the building&#39;s upper floors collapsed the following year. In 2004 Congress appropriated the city a $250,000 grant to renovate the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 Alma Realty, a Queens-based developer, purchased the property from the city for a token $1 and began an ambitious plan to convert it to mixed commercial/residential use. It was beset with delays, however, such as a stop-work order when the actual work exceeded the scope of plans approved by the city. However, in April 2008 the stop-work order was rescinded and work resumed to finish the renovation, with a temporary certificate of occupancy issued on Monday, December 8, 2008, allowing Alma Realty to start renting the space.</p><br>
<p>North Oaks Farm, also known as Hill Farm, is currently an open-air museum in North Oaks, Minnesota, United States, preserving buildings of a 3,300 acre demonstration farm established by railroad magnate James J. Hill in 1883. Elements of the farm were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as James J. Hill&#39;s North Oaks Farm, Dairy Building in 1999.</p><br>
<p>In the Dairy Building, Hill had installed a DeLaval separator and barrel churns, which automated the production of butter, using centrifugal force powered by a steam engine. The operation was a forerunner of the modern commercial butter-making industry.</p><br>
<p>At the Blacksmith and Machine Shop horses were shod and hinges and wagon wheels were constructed for use on the farm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1883 James J. Hill purchased 3,500 acres of land in Ramsey County for $50,000 which would become North Oaks Farm. Later, Hill purchased additional land that expanded the farm to nearly 5,500 acres.</p><br>
<p>For the first ten years, the North Oaks Farm operated as a stock farm and base for Hill’s efforts to breed a dual-purpose cow. The concept of breeding beef cows that would also produce milk was very popular during this time. Although Hill invested an enormous amount of money to breed a hybrid beef/dairy cow, his dairy results were marginal, while the beef was considered excellent. It seemed impossible at the time to have a cow that could be exceptional at both. However, the experience Hill and his workers received during this endeavor went on to help them in other ways. The North Oaks Farm gained a reputation for breeding exceptional beef cattle. Each year his Aberdeen Angus and Shorthorn cows from North Oaks would travel by train to Chicago to take part in the Fat Stock Show. The cattle won several prizes at the show over the years. In 1889 alone his Aberdeen Angus brought home $700 in prizes from Chicago.</p><br>
<p>The farm also served as Hill’s country estate. The Hill family spent most of the summer at the farm in a large brick estate that overlooked Pleasant Lake. The family always entertained guests at the farm in the weeks surrounding Independence Day. Favorite activities included fishing and swimming at Pleasant Lake, riding horses, shooting, and going for country drives. Hill was eager to show his farm off to visitors and guests and could spend hours giving tours of the facilities and fields.</p><br>
<p>James J. Hill managed all of the landscaping at North Oaks and spared no expense—he spent $2,500 alone in 1914. His wife, Mary Hill, was in charge of deciding which vegetables and flowers would be grown each year since she oversaw a staff of cooks and servants that would use them at their mansion in St. Paul.</p><br>
<p>After Hill’s death in 1916, the operation of the North Oaks Farm fell to his son, Louis Hill Sr., who shared his father’s passion for farming. It wasn’t until the 1950s that Louis Hill Jr. divided the farmland into smaller parcels for a carefully planned residential development. The grand estate on the lakeshore was demolished, along with the greenhouses and barns. Only three of the original forty buildings remain; the creamery, granary, and blacksmith shop/engine house.</p><br>
<p>After their deaths, both James J. Hill and Mary Hill were interred in a private mausoleum at North Oaks Farm. Their remains were later moved to Resurrection Cemetery in St. Paul.</p><br>
<p>The Exchange Building, also known as the Merchant&#39;s Exchange Building or The Exchange, is a historic commercial building in at 15-19 West Bank Street in Petersburg, Virginia. Built in 1841, this Greek Revival style building is one of the least-altered examples of a 19th-century market hall. It now houses the Siege Museum commemorating the Siege of Petersburg. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Exchange Building is located in Petersburgs Old Town, at the northeast corner of West Bank Street and Exchange Avenue. It is a two-story, five bay by five bay, building with a hipped roof. It features a four-column Doric order portico in front, and five pilastered bays on the sides. At the buildings center is a large circular domed room, the dome supported by piers and an entablature.</p><br>
<p>The Exchange was created in 1839 by a group of Petersburg businessmen as a meeting place where locally produced wares, predominantly tobacco and cotton, could be sold, and as a place to hold public auctions. The building was designed by an architect named Berrien from New York City, and was completed in 1841. It is a locally rare example of high-style Greek Revival architecture, and is one of the nation&#39;s least-altered examples of a market building. It now houses the Siege Museum, which displays artifacts and history relating to the American Civil War Siege of Petersburg.</p><br>
<p>The William C. Nell House, now a private residence, was a boarding home located in 3 Smith Court in the Beacon Hill neighbourhood of Boston, Massachusetts, opposite the former African Meeting House, now the Museum of African American History.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the "Smith Court residences" on the Black Heritage Trail and on the Boston African American National Historic Site walking tours. The homes on Smith Court typify the types of homes built in the before 1803 and of many of the African Americans who lived in the city at that time. Other Smith Court residences on the tour include 5, 7, 7A, 4 and 2 Smith Court; They are private residences and are not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>3 Smith Court was built between 1798 and 1800 by two white bricklayers and is now known as the James Scott and William C. Nell House. The narrow building consists of painted clapboarding on the front; the back of the house is a windowless brick wall. This type of construction was typical for Boston before 1803 and especially for residences on alleys.</p><br>
<h2>Residents</h2><br>
<p>Starting in 1830, 3 Smith Court was rented to numerous African American men and their families.</p><br>
<h3>James Scott</h3><br>
<p>James Scott, the longest resident of 3 Smith Court, lived there for nearly 50 years. He was a tenant from 1839 to 1865 and owned the property from 1865 until his death in 1888. Scott was born in Virginia and worked as a clothing dealer in Boston.</p><br>
<p>James Scott’s Underground Railroad activity is documented in the records of the Boston Vigilance Committee. In 1851, Scott was arrested in his shop and charged with spearheading the rescue of Shadrach Minkins from federal custody. Like</p><br>
<p>John Coburn, whose home is also on the walking tour, Scott was arrested, tried, and acquitted for the 1851 rescue of Shadrach Minkins.</p><br>
<p>It is not clear whether he actually participated in this rescue (he was acquitted for lack of evidence), but Scott did assist other fugitive slaves. For example, on 18 July 1856, James Scott boarded self-emancipated slave Henry Jackson and his family at 3 Smith Court.</p><br>
<h3>William Cooper Nell</h3><br>
<p>Abolitionist William Cooper Nell was also a tenant from 1850 to 1857. Nell was one of Boston’s most forceful advocates for school integration in 1855. He was the author of several histories, including Colored Patriots of the American Revolution, and he worked at various times for the Liberator, the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, and the Frederick Douglass’ Paper. He was also very active in the Boston Vigilance Committee and he sheltered or aided numerous self-emancipated slaves at 3 Smith Court. He is considered the nation’s first published black historian. In recognition of his contributions, the house was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Smith Court residences</h2><br>
<p>As early as the 1790s, African Americans began to reside on the north slope of Beacon Hill. The area of lower Joy Street and Smith Court was an important center of Boston’s 19th black community. Today, the historic homes on Smith Court, along with the African Meeting House and the Abiel Smith School, are the best preserved physical locales available for understanding the history of African Americans in Boston.</p><br>
<p>4 Smith Court, a four-story brick building, is typical of residential structure built in Boston between 1885 and 1915. In the 1880s, Boston experienced an influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Many of the newly arrived lived in densely populated areas of Boston, including the north slope of Beacon Hill, the West End, and the North End. They moved primarily into areas that had been partially black neighborhoods, just as African Americans were relocating to Roxbury, Dorchester, and the South End.</p><br>
<p>Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard is the oldest operational drydock facility in the United States. Located in Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia, it was put into service in 1834, and has been in service since then. Its history includes the refitting of the USS Merrimack, which was modified to be the Confederate Navy ironclad CSS Virginia. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Drydock Number One is located on the west side of the central branch of the Elizabeth River. It measures 319.5 ft in length, and is built of Massachusetts granite, stepped to allow access to and bracing of ships under repair. Stairs at the land end provide access to the various levels.</p><br>
<p>The drydock was built between 1827 and 1834, and cost $974,365.65, a very high price at that time. The drydock was first used in June 1833, when the USS Delaware was drydocked for recommissioning, the first time a large vessel was drydocked in the United States. During the American Civil War the shipyard was taken over the Confederate Navy, and it was here that the USS Merrimack was modified to become the ironclad CSS Virginia. It is now primarily used for service craft.</p><br>
<p>Roes Welcome Sound is a long channel at the northwest end of Hudson Bay in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada between the mainland on the west and Southampton Island on the east. It opens south into Hudson Bay. Its north end joins Repulse Bay which is connected east through Frozen Strait to Foxe Basin, thereby making Southampton Island an island. Wager Bay is a western branch. It is situated 200 km north of Marble Island. Roes Welcome Sound measures 290 km long, and 24 to 113 km wide.</p><br>
<p>In 1613 it was reached by Thomas Button who called it Ne Ultra. It is named after Sir Thomas Roe, friend and sponsor of explorer Luke Fox&#39;s 1631 Arctic voyage. Capt. Parry, trying to find the Northwest Passage during his 1821 voyage, wrote:</p><br>
<p>"On an inspection of the charts, I think it will also appear probable that a communication will one day be found to exist between this inlet (Prince Regents) and Hudsons Bay, either through the broad and unexplored channel called Sir Thomas Roe&#39;s Welcome, or through Repulse Bay, which has not yet been satisfactorily examined."</p><br>
<p>Roes Welcome Sound is a bowhead whale migratory path.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Military Institute Historic District is a 12 acre National Historic Landmark District encompassing the historic central core of the Virginia Military Institute campus in Lexington, Virginia. Developed beginning in 1839, the school grew into the premiere military academy in the Southern United States, providing trained military leaders to many of the nation&#39;s wars. The district includes the Barracks, which was separately declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The historic district was designated in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The historic district includes the VMI campus&#39;s central parade ground, a roughly oval greensward that is ringed by campus roads with buildings on the other side. It includes all of those buildings, as well as those lining an eastward-extending tongue on Letcher Avenue, Burma Road, and Stono Lane. The dominant feature of the campus is the Barracks, a sprawling Gothic building with fortress-like crenellations. Its oldest surviving portion dates to 1848, and was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis; it is the only structure to survive Union attacks during the American Civil War, and was a major influence in the design of later buildings.</p><br>
<p>Buildings that were influenced by Daviss work include the main Commandants Quarters, built in 1862, and the Pendleton-Coles House, also Gothic in character but in the Carpenter Gothic style. Later architectural styles on the campus include neocolonial factulty residence buildings on the west side of the parade ground. Near its eastern end, the district includes Stono, the 1818 house of John Jordan, the lead builder of the VMI campus and Centre Hall on the adjacent Washington and Lee University campus.</p><br>
<p>The Old Barracks is a historic building on the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. Built in 1848 and repeatedly enlarged and redesigned by a succession of architects, it includes at its core the oldest surviving building of the campus. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its architecture and its association with nation&#39;s oldest state-supported military academy.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The campus of the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) is located on the north side of the city of Lexington. At its center is a large parade ground, around which a significant number of the institute&#39;s buildings are arrayed. The Old Barracks are located along the northeastern edge of the ground, forming a long arcing facade. There are three sections, each of which presents a bank of windows, with a projecting central entry. The projecting sections have polygonal towers with crenellated tops at the corners, with similar lower towers at the eastern end of the structure and at the junctions between the sections. The tower at the western end of the structure is square with angled corners, and matches in height the entrance towers.</p><br>
<p>VMI was founded in 1839, and is the first and best-known of the nations state-funded military academies. Most of the institutes early buildings were demolished during the American Civil War, with only a portion of the barracks building surviving. This portion was designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis and built in 1848, and was a fine piece of early Gothic Revival architecture that influenced the other buildings present on the campus. In the 1890s the building was redesigned by Isaac Eugene Alexander Rose, and in 1916 it was enlarged to design work by Benjamin Grosvenor Goodhue, which created the first complete quadrangle. In 1948 the building was further extended by the addition of a new wing, designed by Carneal and Johnson.</p><br>
<p>The Full-Scale Tunnel  was a wind tunnel at NASA&#39;s Langley Research Center. It was a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics began construction of the world&#39;s first full-scale wind tunnel. The design team was led by Smith J. DeFrance. The tunnel was completed in 1931 (dedicated 27 May) at a cost just under $900,000. It was a double-return tunnel capable of moving air at speeds up to 118 miles/hour (190 km/h) through its circuit. It had a 30 ft by 60 ft (9.1 m x 18.3 m) open throat, which is capable of testing aircraft with spans of 40 ft (12.2 m).The wind tunnel is a double-return, atmospheric pressure tunnel with two fans powered by 4,000 hp electric motors.</p><br>
<p>The Vought O3U-1 biplane observation airplane was the first complete airplane tested in the tunnel. After that, it was used to test virtually every high-performance aircraft used by the United States in World War II. For much of the war, when it was operational 24 hours a day, seven days a week, the full-scale tunnel was the only tunnel in the free world large enough to perform these tests.</p><br>
<p>After the war, many types of aircraft were tested in the tunnel including the Harrier Jump Jet fighter, the F-16, the American supersonic transport, the Space Shuttle and Lunar Landing Test Vehicle. During the 1950s and 1960s, the tunnel was modified and upgraded several times. The principal improvement was adding the ability to test free-flying scale models in the test throat. The wind tunnel was in use through the 2000s, testing procedures such as free-flight and high angle of attack.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1985. However, despite this designation and the efforts of some aviation historians, demolition of the tunnel began in 2010.</p><br>
<p>It was documented before its demolition, with the fan blades being salvaged for display. In 2014 its landmark designation was withdrawn and it was removed from the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Eastern Market is a historic commercial district in Detroit, Michigan. It is located approximately one mile  northeast of the citys downtown and is bordered on the south by Gratiot Avenue, the north by Mack Avenue, the east by St. Aubin Street, and the west by Interstate 75 . The district was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978; the districts boundary was increased in 2007. The Eastern Market is located on the city&#39;s central east side near St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church and the Lafayette Park neighborhood. The market was transferred from city management in 2006, and now operates through a public-private partnership with the Eastern Market Corporation. Eastern Market is the largest historic public market district in the United</p><br>
<p>States, and the Eastern Market farmers distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses. On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop the citys historic Eastern Market.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Farmers Market in Detroit was first opened in 1841 at Cadillac Square in the downtown area.</p><br>
<p>117 Years of Service to Detroiters Since 1891 by Ed Deeb from EasternMarket.org In the 1850s, additional markets were opened on the east side of the city (the present location of Eastern Market) and the west side at the corner of Michigan and Trumbull, later the site of Tiger Stadium. In the beginning, the eastern market was devoted to hay and wood sales, but in 1891, sales sheds were built and the Farmer&#39;s Market was moved from Cadillac Square to its present location and renamed Eastern Market.</p><br>
<p>The Eastern Market grew through the following decades, and additional sheds were constructed in 1922 and 1929. Following World War II, more wholesalers and food processors moved into the area, and Eastern Market developed into an important hub for the wholesale food distribution industry.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, the stalls rented by farmers were decorated with paintings of produce and livestock. Over the years, these murals have become Eastern Market logos.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>The market presently covers 43 acre and is the largest historic public market district in the United</p><br>
<p>States. Eastern Market is a selling point for a wide variety of produce, meat, spice and other products. It is particularly busy on Saturdays, when farmers tend to bring in their poultry and livestock, along with fresh produce, for sale. Although the market is in the largest historic public market district in the USA, the market itself is operated by the private sector though a public-private partnership with the Eastern Market Corporation. The Eastern Market Corporation has operated the property since 2006. According to Jennifer Knott Giering, President of the Dearborn, Michigan Chamber of Commerce, "Since July 2006, the market has renovated infrastructure, increased attendance and has become a catalyst for development in the neighborhood.” Although there is official Detroit Lions tailgating at Ford Field, many tailgaters prefer Eastern Market for Lions home game tailgating.</p><br>
<p>Local and internationally recognized art galleries, studios and makerspaces have recently established spaces nearby, including The Red Bull House of Art, OmniCorp Detroit, Inner State Gallery, Riopelle and Project. Independent eateries, shops and performance spaces such as Trinosophes, Antietam, and People&#39;s Records have arrived in storefront spaces along Gratiot Avenue, and light manufacturing and e-commerce retailers including 1xRun and Cyberoptix continue to operate out of upper floors.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Hall is a country house 1 mi to the northwest of the village of Great Budworth, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. The house stands to the north of the A559 road. It is included in Simon Jenkins Englands Thousand Best Houses, and as of 2013 is occupied by Cransley School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site for the house was bought in 1749 by John Smith Barry. He commissioned James Gibbs to design the house, which was completed in 1755. Gibbs died in 1754, therefore the houses construction was probably supervised by a local architect. Some of the architectural features of the house are inconsistent with Gibbs work elsewhere, and it is considered by de Figueiredo and Treuherz, and by Hartwell et al. that changes to the design, including the two-storey bow windows, were made by the executant architect. When John Smith Barry died in 1784 the house was inherited by his son James Hugh Smith Barry, an art collector. At his death in 1801 the house was sold to Henry Clarke, who sold it to the Leigh family. As of 2012, the estate was still in the ownership of the Leigh family, the house being let to Cransley School, and part of the surrounding land used as a registered site by the Camping and Caravanning Club.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Belmont house is constructed in brick with stone dressings on a stone plinth, and it has a slate hipped roof. It is designed along Palladian lines, with a central block of living rooms, separate side pavilions for offices, stables to the west and kitchens on the east. The central block has a symmetrical front, it is in three storeys, and has seven bays. The central doorway is flanked by rusticated stonework. It has a fanlight with a round arch, above which is a pediment. The lateral two wings have semicircular two-storey bay windows, which are in a different style from the rest of the house. The central pane of each window is octagonal. The other windows in the lower two storeys are 12-pane sashes, and those in the top storey are 12-pane casements. Around the top of the house is a moulded cornice, a plain parapet, and a central three-bay pediment containing the coat of arms of the Smith Barry family and their motto. The right pavilion is in two storeys and three bays with 12-pane sash windows. It has a pedimented gable facing the side of the house, and a hipped roof with a cupola. The left pavilion has been rebuilt in a simpler form. Each pavilion is joined to the house by a wing wall containing a central round-arched pedimented doorway and two 12-pane sash window, and is topped by a vase balustrade.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The ground floor originally contained six rooms; clockwise from the doorway they are the entrance hall, two drawing rooms, the staircase hall, the dining room, and a study or morning room. An extra room was added in the 19th century. The entrance hall is relatively plain, with a stone fireplace and pulvinated friezes over the doors. The study is panelled, and contains doorcases, a chimneypiece and an overmantel all of which are carved with flowers and fruit. The drawing rooms contain fine Rococo plasterwork on both ceilings, and on the walls and the chimneypiece of the front room. Hartwell et al. describe the plasterwork as being "quite sumptuous and exceptionally delicate". In the staircase hall is a panel between the windows containing a bust of Diana, with decorative plasterwork including festoons and hunting trophies. In the upper floor, the southwest room is decorated in Chinoiserie, including pagodas, trellises and birds. Both Hartwell et al. and de Figueiredo and Treuherz argue that the plasterwork must be by Francesco Vassilli, who had worked elsewhere with Gibbs.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>In the grounds are a moat, a fishpond, kitchen garden and formal lawns. The moated site and the fishpond are designated as a scheduled monument. The two lodges at entrances to the drives are listed at Grade II. Both are constructed in brick with stone dressings and slate hipped roofs. Their fronts are symmetrical, with Tuscan porches, and 12-pane sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Hall is to the south of the village of Sutton Weaver in Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<p>The hall dates from the late 15th century or the early 16th century, and it was extended in the late 17th century and in the early 19th century. It is built in brown brick in two storeys with attics. Internally there are two superimposed great halls which are a "feature of unique interest". Figueirdo and Treuherz consider that it is "one of the most important and least known late medieval timber-framed houses in Cheshire".</p><br>
<p>The associated barn and shippon, which date from the late 17th century are listed at Grade II. Also listed at Grade II is a circular feeding trough in the farmyard dating from the 19th century, which is made from a single stone and measures almost 2 metres across and 1 metre high. The hall is now a farmhouse, and the barn has been converted for residential use.</p><br>
